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Literature summary extracted from

  • Zhang, C.; Ouyang, B.; Yang, C.; Zhang, X.; Liu, H.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Li, H.; Ye, Z.
    Reducing AsA leads to leaf lesion and defence response in knock-down of the AsA biosynthetic enzyme GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase gene in tomato plant (2013), PLoS ONE, 8, e61987.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
2.7.7.13 agriculture over-expression of isoform Gmp3 increases total L-ascorbic acid contents and enhances the tolerance to oxidative stress in tomato. Knock-down of Gmp3 significantly decreases L-ascorbic acid contents below the threshold level and alters the phenotype of tomato plants with lesions and further senescence Solanum tuberosum

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.7.7.13 gene GMP3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, located on chromosome 3, quantitative real-time RT-PCR expression analysis, Solanum lycopersicum

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
2.7.7.13 additional information generation of GMP3 overexpressing and RNAi knockdown lines Solanum lycopersicum

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.7.7.13 GTP + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate Solanum lycopersicum
-
 diphosphate + GDP-mannose
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.7.7.13 Solanum lycopersicum Q54K39 SGN-U568547
-
2.7.7.13 Solanum tuberosum
-
-
-
2.7.7.22 Solanum lycopersicum Q6J1L7
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.7.7.13 flower high expression level Solanum lycopersicum
-
2.7.7.13 flower high level of transcripts Solanum tuberosum
-
2.7.7.13 fruit
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
-
2.7.7.13 fruit low level of transcripts Solanum tuberosum
-
2.7.7.13 leaf
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
-
2.7.7.13 leaf young leaf, high level of transcripts Solanum tuberosum
-
2.7.7.13 additional information SlGMP3 transcript levels are high in stems, flowers, and young leaves, whereas low in roots, and fruits at breaker and red ripe stages, expression patterns, overview Solanum lycopersicum
-
2.7.7.13 root
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
-
2.7.7.13 root low level of transcripts Solanum tuberosum
-
2.7.7.13 stem
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
-
2.7.7.13 stem high level of transcripts Solanum tuberosum
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.7.7.13 GTP + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate
-
 Solanum tuberosum diphosphate + GDP-mannose
-
 ?
2.7.7.13 GTP + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate
-
 Solanum lycopersicum diphosphate + GDP-mannose
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.7.7.13 GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase
-
 Solanum tuberosum
2.7.7.13 GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
2.7.7.13 GMP
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
2.7.7.13 GMP3
-
 Solanum tuberosum
2.7.7.22 GMP3
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
2.7.7.22 SGN-U568547
-
 Solanum lycopersicum

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.7.7.13 evolution four members of GMP gene family are encoded in the tomato genome, which constitutively expressed in various tissues in distinct expression patterns Solanum lycopersicum
2.7.7.13 malfunction reducing ascorbic acid leads to leaf lesion and defence response in knock-down of the ascorbic acid biosynthetic enzyme GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase gene in tomato plant. Constitutive overexpression of SlGMP3 increases the total ascorbic acid contents in the fully expanded leaves and red ripe fruits, with enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress in SlGMP3 overexpressing plants. In SlGMP2/3-knockdown lines, the total ascorbic acid contents in leaves, immature green fruits, and breaker fruits decrease dramatically. With the developments of fruit, the ascorbic acid levels increase up to 46% in breaker stage compared with immature green stage in wild-type plants, whereas no major difference is observed between two stages of SlGMP2/3-knockdown lines. In SlGMP2/3-knockdown transgenic line KD17, SlGME2 and SlGGP1 are significantly up-regulated (over one fold) compared with the wild-type plants. The spontaneous lesions on the leaves of SlGMP2/3-knockdown plants develop in a similar manner as a hypersensitive response after pathogen attack. Impairment of the photosynthetic system in SlGMP2/3-knockdown plants, overview Solanum lycopersicum
2.7.7.13 metabolism GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase which catalyzes the conversion of D-mannose-1-P to GDP-D-mannose in AsA biosynthetic pathway. GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase is a vital enzyme in the Smirnoff-Wheeler's pathway for the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants Solanum lycopersicum
2.7.7.13 physiological function over-expression of isoform Gmp3 increases total L-ascorbic acid contents and enhances the tolerance to oxidative stress in tomato. Knock-down of Gmp3 significantly decreases L-ascorbic acid contents below the threshold level and alters the phenotype of tomato plants with lesions and further senescence. This symptom could result from failing to instantly deplete the reactive oxygen species as decline of free radical scavenging activity. More reactive oxygen species accumulate in the leaves and then trigger expressions of defence-related genes. Symptoms occur on the leaves similar to hypersensitive responses against pathogens Solanum tuberosum
2.7.7.22 physiological function over-expression of isoform GMP3 increases total L-ascorbic acid contents and enhances the tolerance to oxidative stress in tomato. On the contrary, knock-down of GMP3 significantly decreases L-ascorbic acid contents below the threshold level and alters the phenotype of tomato plants with lesions and further senescence. More reactive oxygen species accumulate in the leaves and then trigger expressions of defence-related genes and mimic symptom occur on the leaves similar to hypersensitive responses against pathogens. Consequently, the photosynthesis of leaves falls dramatically Solanum lycopersicum