Literature summary extracted from

Anjum, N.A.; Gill, R.; Kaushik, M.; Hasanuzzaman, M.; Pereira, E.; Ahmad, I.; Tuteja, N.; Gill, S.S.
ATP-sulfurylase, sulfur-compounds, and plant stress tolerance (2015), Front. Plant Sci., 6, 210.

Activating Compound

EC Number	Activating Compound	Comment	Organism
2.7.7.4	additional information	the enzyme in cultured cells responds to sulfate starvation	Nicotiana tabacum
2.7.7.4	additional information	the enzyme responds to chilling or cold stress	Glycine max
2.7.7.4	additional information	the enzyme responds to increased cadmium level	Lepidium sativum
2.7.7.4	additional information	the enzyme responds to increased cadmium level	Noccaea caerulescens
2.7.7.4	additional information	the enzyme responds to increased cadmium level	Sedum alfredii
2.7.7.4	additional information	the enzyme responds to increased cadmium level, increased salinity, and infection by Phytopthorainfestans and/or Botrytiscinerea	Brassica juncea
2.7.7.4	additional information	the enzyme responds to increased glutathione level	Lemna gibba
2.7.7.4	additional information	the enzyme responds to increased glutathione level	Salvinia minima
2.7.7.4	additional information	the enzyme responds to increased light irradiation	Hordeum vulgare
2.7.7.4	additional information	the enzyme responds to increased light irradiation	Avena sativa
2.7.7.4	additional information	the enzyme responds to sulfate starvation, and increased salinity, but not to increased light irradiation, H2O2, and glutathione level	Brassica napus
2.7.7.4	additional information	the enzyme responds to sulfate starvation, increased cadmium level, increased salinity, and infection by Phytopthorainfestans and/or Botrytiscinerea, but not to increased light irradiation	Arabidopsis thaliana
2.7.7.4	additional information	the enzyme responds to sulfate starvation, increased light irradiation, and chilling o cold stress	Zea mays

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number	Cloned (Comment)	Organism
2.7.7.4	the four ATP-S genes ATPS1,-2,-3, and -4 have N-terminal extensions typ ical of plastid-transit peptides, and are located on different chromosomes	Arabidopsis thaliana
2.7.7.4	the four ATP-S genes ATPS1,-2,-3, and -4 have N-terminal extensions typical of plastid-transit peptides, and are located on different chromosomes	Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

EC Number	Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
2.7.7.4	chloroplast	-	Glycine max	9507	-
2.7.7.4	chloroplast	Arabidopsis thaliana has isozymes with N'-terminal extensions typical of plastid-transit-peptides	Arabidopsis thaliana	9507	-
2.7.7.4	chloroplast	Arabidopsis thaliana has isozymes with N-terminal extensions typical of plastid-transit-peptides	Arabidopsis thaliana	9507	-
2.7.7.4	chloroplast	isozyme ATPS2 is dually encoded in plastidic and cytosolic forms, where translational initiation at AUGMet1 and AUGMet52 or AUGMet58 produce ATPS2 in plastid and cytosol, respectively	Arabidopsis thaliana	9507	-
2.7.7.4	cytosol	isozyme ATPS2 is dually encoded in plastidic and cytosolic forms, where translational initiation at AUGMet1 and AUGMet52 or AUGMet58 produce ATPS2 in plastid and cytosol, respectively	Arabidopsis thaliana	5829	-
2.7.7.4	mitochondrion	-	Glycine max	5739	-
2.7.7.4	additional information	Arabidopsis thaliana has isozymes with N'-terminal extensions typical of plastid-transit-peptides	Arabidopsis thaliana	-	-

Metals/Ions

EC Number	Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Triticum aestivum
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Hordeum vulgare
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Zea mays
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Nicotiana tabacum
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Avena sativa
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Brassica napus
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Oryza sativa
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Lemna gibba
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Lepidium sativum
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Brassica juncea
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Glycine max
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Noccaea caerulescens
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Camellia sinensis
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Sedum alfredii
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Stanleya pinnata
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Arabidopsis thaliana
2.7.7.4	Mg2+	required	Salvinia minima

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number	Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Triticum aestivum	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Hordeum vulgare	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Zea mays	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Nicotiana tabacum	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Avena sativa	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Brassica napus	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Oryza sativa	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Lemna gibba	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Lepidium sativum	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Brassica juncea	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Glycine max	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Noccaea caerulescens	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Camellia sinensis	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Sedum alfredii	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Stanleya pinnata	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Arabidopsis thaliana	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	Salvinia minima	-	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?

Organism

EC Number	Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
2.7.7.4	Arabidopsis thaliana	O23324	APS3; gene APS3	-
2.7.7.4	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q43870	APS2; gene APS2	-
2.7.7.4	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9LIK9	APS1; gene APS1	-
2.7.7.4	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9S7D8	APS4; gene APS4	-
2.7.7.4	Avena sativa	-	-	-
2.7.7.4	Brassica juncea	-	-	-
2.7.7.4	Brassica napus	-	-	-
2.7.7.4	Camellia sinensis	Q1HL01	APS2; isozyme APS2, gene sat	-
2.7.7.4	Camellia sinensis	Q1HL02	APS1; isozyme APS1, gene sat	-
2.7.7.4	Glycine max	I1LWX5	gene Glyma13g06940; gene Glyma13g06940	-
2.7.7.4	Glycine max	I1N6H7	gene Glyma19g05020; gene Glyma19g05020	-
2.7.7.4	Glycine max	I1NGL3	gene Glyma20g28980; gene Glyma20g28980	-
2.7.7.4	Glycine max	Q8SAG1	gene Glyma10g38760; gene Glyma10g38760	-
2.7.7.4	Hordeum vulgare	-	-	-
2.7.7.4	Lemna gibba	-	-	-
2.7.7.4	Lepidium sativum	-	-	-
2.7.7.4	Nicotiana tabacum	-	-	-
2.7.7.4	Noccaea caerulescens	-	-	-
2.7.7.4	Oryza sativa	-	gene sat, two isozymes	-
2.7.7.4	Salvinia minima	-	-	-
2.7.7.4	Sedum alfredii	-	-	-
2.7.7.4	Stanleya pinnata	-	isozymes APS1, APS2, and APS4	-
2.7.7.4	Triticum aestivum	-	-	-
2.7.7.4	Zea mays	-	-	-

Source Tissue

EC Number	Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
2.7.7.4	cell culture	-	Nicotiana tabacum	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number	Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Triticum aestivum	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Hordeum vulgare	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Zea mays	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Nicotiana tabacum	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Avena sativa	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Brassica napus	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Oryza sativa	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Lemna gibba	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Lepidium sativum	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Brassica juncea	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Glycine max	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Noccaea caerulescens	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Camellia sinensis	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Sedum alfredii	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Stanleya pinnata	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Arabidopsis thaliana	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?
2.7.7.4	ATP + sulfate	-	Salvinia minima	diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate	-	?

Synonyms

EC Number	Synonyms	Comment	Organism
2.7.7.4	APS1	-	Camellia sinensis
2.7.7.4	APS2	-	Camellia sinensis
2.7.7.4	ATP sulfurylase 1	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
2.7.7.4	ATP sulfurylase 2	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
2.7.7.4	ATP sulfurylase 3	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
2.7.7.4	ATP sulfurylase 4	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Triticum aestivum
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Hordeum vulgare
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Zea mays
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Nicotiana tabacum
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Avena sativa
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Brassica napus
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Oryza sativa
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Lemna gibba
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Lepidium sativum
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Brassica juncea
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Glycine max
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Noccaea caerulescens
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Camellia sinensis
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Sedum alfredii
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Stanleya pinnata
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
2.7.7.4	ATP-S	-	Salvinia minima
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Triticum aestivum
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Hordeum vulgare
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Zea mays
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Nicotiana tabacum
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Avena sativa
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Brassica napus
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Oryza sativa
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Lemna gibba
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Lepidium sativum
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Brassica juncea
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Glycine max
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Noccaea caerulescens
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Camellia sinensis
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Sedum alfredii
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Stanleya pinnata
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
2.7.7.4	ATP-sulfurylase	-	Salvinia minima

Cofactor

EC Number	Cofactor	Comment	Organism
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Triticum aestivum
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Hordeum vulgare
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Zea mays
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Nicotiana tabacum
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Avena sativa
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Brassica napus
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Oryza sativa
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Lemna gibba
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Lepidium sativum
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Brassica juncea
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Glycine max
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Noccaea caerulescens
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Camellia sinensis
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Sedum alfredii
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Stanleya pinnata
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
2.7.7.4	ATP	-	Salvinia minima

Expression

EC Number	Organism	Comment	Expression
2.7.7.4	Camellia sinensis	growth on Se enriched soil, suppresses APS1 expression levels in young (or mature) leaves and roots in Camellia sinensis	down
2.7.7.4	Arabidopsis thaliana	ATP-S activity/expression can also be controlled/modulated by S-limitation1 (SLIM1), a transcription factor identical to ethylene-insensitive3-like (EIL3) transcription factor in Arabidopsis and the regulator of many S-deficiency responsive genes	additional information
2.7.7.4	Stanleya pinnata	under Se-exposure and S-deficiency, Stanleya pinnata hyperaccumulates and tolerates selenium due to its ability to convert SeO24- to non-toxic organic-seleno-compounds by downregulating isozymes APS1, APS2, and APS4. Under S-sufficient and Se-exposure, adoption of different types of regulatory mechanisms and subcellular localization are revealed in Stanleya pinnata, where Se upregulates APS1 and APS4 but is not able to affect APS2 in Stanleya pinnata	additional information
2.7.7.4	Camellia sinensis	growth on Se enriched soil, induces APS2 expression levels in young (or mature) leaves and roots in Camellia sinensis	up
2.7.7.4	Nicotiana tabacum	the enzyme in cultured cells responds to sulfate starvation	up
2.7.7.4	Glycine max	the enzyme responds to chilling or cold stress	up
2.7.7.4	Lepidium sativum	the enzyme responds to increased cadmium level	up
2.7.7.4	Noccaea caerulescens	the enzyme responds to increased cadmium level	up
2.7.7.4	Sedum alfredii	the enzyme responds to increased cadmium level	up
2.7.7.4	Brassica juncea	the enzyme responds to increased cadmium level, increased salinity, and infection by Phytopthorainfestans and/or Botrytiscinerea	up
2.7.7.4	Lemna gibba	the enzyme responds to increased glutathione level	up
2.7.7.4	Salvinia minima	the enzyme responds to increased glutathione level	up
2.7.7.4	Hordeum vulgare	the enzyme responds to increased light irradiation	up
2.7.7.4	Avena sativa	the enzyme responds to increased light irradiation	up
2.7.7.4	Brassica napus	the enzyme responds to sulfate starvation, and increased salinity, but not to increased light irradiation, H2O2, and glutathione level	up
2.7.7.4	Arabidopsis thaliana	the enzyme responds to sulfate starvation, increased cadmium level, increased salinity, and infection by Phytopthora infestans and/or Botrytiscinerea, but not to increased light irradiation. S-depletion mediates regulation of ATP-S activity/expression. ATP-S isoforms can be differentially expressed by S-depletion, e.g. isozyme APS3, while isozyme APS2 is insensitive to S-depletion. Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing or disruption in MYB51-gene shows alterations in ATP-S-transcript levels and activity. Transcription regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana APS genes by external factors, detailed overview	up
2.7.7.4	Arabidopsis thaliana	the enzyme responds to sulfate starvation, increased cadmium level, increased salinity, and infection by Phytopthora infestans and/or Botrytiscinerea, but not to increased light irradiation. S-depletion mediates regulation of ATP-S activity/expression. ATP-S isoforms can be differentially expressed by S-depletion, e.g. isozyme APS3, while isozyme APS2 is insentivie to S depletion. Expression of both ATPS1 and ATPS3 isoforms is controlled by all six GSs-related MYBTFs, namely MYB28, MYB29, and MYB76, MYB51, MYB34, and MYB122. Isozymes ATPS1 and ATPS3 are strongly associated with the control of synthesis of aliphatic and indolic GSs, respectively. Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing or disruption in MYB51-gene shows alterations in ATP-S-transcript levels and activity. Transcription regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana APS genes by external factors, detailed overview	up
2.7.7.4	Arabidopsis thaliana	the enzyme responds to sulfate starvation, increased cadmium level, increased salinity, and infection by Phytopthora infestans and/or Botrytiscinerea, but not to increased light irradiation. S-depletion mediates regulation of ATP-S activity/expression. Transcription regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana APS genes by external factors, detailed overview	up
2.7.7.4	Arabidopsis thaliana	the enzyme responds to sulfate starvation, increased cadmium level, increased salinity, and infection by Phytopthorainfestans and/or Botrytiscinerea, but not to increased light irradiation. S-depletion-mediates regulation of ATP-S activity/expression. Expression of both ATPS1 and ATPS3 isoforms is controlled by all six GSs-related MYBTFs, namely MYB28, MYB29, and MYB76, MYB51, MYB34, and MYB122. Isozymes ATPS1 and ATPS3 are strongly associated with the control of synthesis of aliphatic and indolic GSs, respectively. Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing or disruption in MYB51-gene shows alterations in ATP-S-transcript levels and activity. Transcription regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana APS genes by external factors, detailed overview	up
2.7.7.4	Zea mays	the enzyme responds to sulfate starvation, increased light irradiation, and chilling o cold stress	up

General Information

EC Number	General Information	Comment	Organism
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Triticum aestivum
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Hordeum vulgare
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Zea mays
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Nicotiana tabacum
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Avena sativa
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Brassica napus
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Oryza sativa
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Lemna gibba
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Lepidium sativum
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Brassica juncea
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Glycine max
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Noccaea caerulescens
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Camellia sinensis
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Sedum alfredii
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Stanleya pinnata
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors	Salvinia minima
2.7.7.4	metabolism	as the first committed step of S-assimilation, ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) catalyzes sulfate activation and yields the activated high-energy compound adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate that is reduced to sulfide and incorporated into cysteine. In turn, cysteine acts as a precursor or donor of reduced S for arange of S-compounds such as methionine, glutathione (GSH), homo-GSH,and phytochelatins. Schematic representation of pathway of sulfate assimilation, reaction catalyzed by ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), and its regulation by major factors. Transcription regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana APS genes by external factors, detailed overview	Arabidopsis thaliana
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Triticum aestivum
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Hordeum vulgare
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Zea mays
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Nicotiana tabacum
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Avena sativa
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Brassica napus
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Oryza sativa
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Lemna gibba
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Lepidium sativum
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Brassica juncea
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Glycine max
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Noccaea caerulescens
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Camellia sinensis
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Sedum alfredii
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Stanleya pinnata
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Arabidopsis thaliana
2.7.7.4	physiological function	S-compound-mediated role of enzyme ATP-S in plant stress tolerance, ATP-S-intrinsic regulation by major S-compounds, overview. Sulfur stands fourth in the list of major plant nutrients after N, P, and K, and its importance is being increasingly emphasized in agriculture and plant stress tolerance, because S-deficiency in agricultural-soils is becoming widespread globally. Plant harbored-S is metabolically inert and is of no significance if it is not efficiently assimilated into physiologically/biochemically exploitable organic forms that is performed by the process of S-assimilation involving the ATP-sulfurylase	Salvinia minima