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Literature summary extracted from

  • Lien, Y.C.; Ou, T.Y.; Lin, Y.T.; Kuo, P.C.; Lin, H.J.
    Duplication and diversification of the spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 genes in zebrafish (2013), PLoS ONE, 8, e54017.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.3.1.57 gene ssat1, sequence comparison, expression profile, and phylogenetic analysis of ssat-like genes, recombinant expression of N-terminally GST- or His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21, recombinant expression in HEK-293T cells Homo sapiens
2.3.1.57 genes ssat1a, ssat1b, and ssat1c, sequence comparisons, expression profiles and phylogenetic analysis of ssat-like genes, translational regulatory mechanism analysis, recombinant expression of N-terminally GST- or His6-tagged enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21, recombinant expression of N-terminally GST- or His6-tagged enzymes in HEK-293T cells Danio rerio

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
2.3.1.57 additional information construction of a chimeric gene named ssat1a248b, as it contains nucleotides 1-248 of ssat1a and the remainder of ssat1b. Chimeric genes ssat1a332b, ssat1a374b, ssat1a453b, ssat1b248a, ssat1b332a, ssat1b389a, and ssat1b467a are also prepared in this manner Danio rerio

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
2.3.1.57 0.055
-
 spermine isozyme ssat1a, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 0.09
-
 spermidine isozyme ssat1b, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 0.091
-
 spermine isozyme ssat1b, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 0.139
-
 spermine isozyme ssat1c, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 0.182
-
 spermidine isozyme ssat1a, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 0.232
-
 spermidine isozyme ssat1c, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Danio rerio

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.3.1.57 3 acetyl-CoA + 2 spermine Homo sapiens
-
 3 CoA + N1-acetylspermine + N1,N12-diacetylspermine
-
 ?
2.3.1.57 3 acetyl-CoA + 2 spermine Danio rerio
-
 3 CoA + N1-acetylspermine + N1,N12-diacetylspermine
-
 ?
2.3.1.57 3 acetyl-CoA + spermidine Homo sapiens
-
 3 CoA + N1,N4,N8-triacetylspermidine
-
 ?
2.3.1.57 3 acetyl-CoA + spermidine Danio rerio
-
 3 CoA + N1,N4,N8-triacetylspermidine
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.3.1.57 Danio rerio Q6GQM2 Ssat1; three homologous ssat1 genes, named ssat1a, ssat1b, and ssat1c
-
2.3.1.57 Homo sapiens P21673 Ssat1
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
2.3.1.57 recombinant N-terminally GST- or His6-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21 by affinity chromatography Homo sapiens
2.3.1.57 recombinant N-terminally GST- or His6-tagged enzymes from Escherichia coli strain BL21 by affinity chromatography Danio rerio

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.3.1.57 brain
-
 Danio rerio
-
2.3.1.57 eye
-
 Danio rerio
-
2.3.1.57 fin
-
 Danio rerio
-
2.3.1.57 gill
-
 Danio rerio
-
2.3.1.57 gut
-
 Danio rerio
-
2.3.1.57 heart
-
 Danio rerio
-
2.3.1.57 kidney
-
 Danio rerio
-
2.3.1.57 liver
-
 Danio rerio
-
2.3.1.57 additional information genes ssat1a, ssat1b, and ssat1c ares ubiquitously expressed in fish tissues st different levels, expression patterns, overview Danio rerio
-
2.3.1.57 muscle
-
 Danio rerio
-
2.3.1.57 ovary
-
 Danio rerio
-
2.3.1.57 spleen
-
 Danio rerio
-
2.3.1.57 testis
-
 Danio rerio
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.3.1.57 3 acetyl-CoA + 2 spermine
-
 Homo sapiens 3 CoA + N1-acetylspermine + N1,N12-diacetylspermine
-
 ?
2.3.1.57 3 acetyl-CoA + 2 spermine
-
 Danio rerio 3 CoA + N1-acetylspermine + N1,N12-diacetylspermine
-
 ?
2.3.1.57 3 acetyl-CoA + spermidine
-
 Homo sapiens 3 CoA + N1,N4,N8-triacetylspermidine
-
 ?
2.3.1.57 3 acetyl-CoA + spermidine
-
 Danio rerio 3 CoA + N1,N4,N8-triacetylspermidine
-
 ?
2.3.1.57 additional information human SSAT1 binds to the PAS-B (Per-ARNT-Sim) domain of HIF-1alpha, a key regulator of oxygen homeostasis in all metazoans, facilitating its degradation Homo sapiens ?
-
 ?
2.3.1.57 additional information polyamine-dependent protein synthesis is only found in isozymes Ssat1b and Ssat1c, not in Ssat1a. Also only Ssat1b and Ssat1c, but not the polyamine-insensitive Ssat1a, are able to interact with integrin alpha9 and Hif-1alpha. Substrate preferences of the isoenzymes are different. Ssat1b has similar Km values for spermidine and spermine, while Ssat1a has a smaller Km toward spermidine and Ssat1c has a smaller Km for spermine. Ssat1a and Ssatb have a better kcat/Km value for spermidine than that for spermine Danio rerio ?
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.3.1.57 spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1
-
 Homo sapiens
2.3.1.57 spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1
-
 Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 SSAT1
-
 Homo sapiens
2.3.1.57 SSAT1
-
 Danio rerio

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
2.3.1.57 acetyl-CoA
-
 Homo sapiens
2.3.1.57 acetyl-CoA
-
 Danio rerio

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.3.1.57 evolution phylogenetic analysis of ssat-like genes dividing the genes into 3 clusters, comparison of zebrafish and human gene sequences and regulation, overview Homo sapiens
2.3.1.57 evolution phylogenetic analysis of ssat-like genes dividing the genes into 3 clusters, comparison of zebrafish and human gene sequences and regulation, overview. Zebrafish ssat1 homologues are paralogous genes which experience subfunctionalization in their function and regulation Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 metabolism spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 is a key enzyme in the polyamine interconversion pathway, which maintains polyamine homeostasis Homo sapiens
2.3.1.57 metabolism spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 is a key enzyme in the polyamine interconversion pathway, which maintains polyamine homeostasis Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 physiological function Ssat1b and Ssat1c might not only be a polyamine metabolic enzyme but also simultaneously respond to polyamine levels and engage in cross-talk with other signaling pathways. They interact with a mammalian specific integrin alpha9 and Hif-1alpha, a key regulator of oxygen homeostasis in all metazoans Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 physiological function the enzyme maintains polyamine homeostasis, mammalian Ssat1 is also involved in many physiological and pathological events such as hypoxia, cell migration, and carcinogenesis Homo sapiens

kcat/KM [mM/s]

EC Number kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
2.3.1.57 1.5
-
 spermidine isozyme ssat1c, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 1.9
-
 spermine isozyme ssat1c, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 4.3
-
 spermine isozyme ssat1b, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 34.1
-
 spermidine isozyme ssat1b, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 62.4
-
 spermine isozyme ssat1a, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Danio rerio
2.3.1.57 122.2
-
 spermidine isozyme ssat1a, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Danio rerio