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Literature summary extracted from
- On the formation and possible biological role of 25-hydroxycholesterol (2013), Biochimie, 95, 455-460.
Cloned(Commentary)
| EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.14.99.38 | the gene encoding the enzyme is located on chromosome 10 | Homo sapiens |
Localization
| EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.99.38 | membrane | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 16020 | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | membrane | - |
Sus scrofa | 16020 | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | membrane | - |
Homo sapiens | 16020 | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | membrane | - |
Mus musculus | 16020 | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | microsome | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
- |
| 1.14.99.38 | microsome | - |
Mus musculus | - |
- |
| 1.14.99.38 | mitochondrion | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 5739 | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | mitochondrion | - |
Sus scrofa | 5739 | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | mitochondrion | - |
Mus musculus | 5739 | - |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.99.38 | cholesterol + AH2 + O2 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O | - |
? |  |
| 1.14.99.38 | cholesterol + AH2 + O2 | Sus scrofa | - |
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | cholesterol + AH2 + O2 | Homo sapiens | the reaction might be catalyzed by CYP3A4 | 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | cholesterol + AH2 + O2 | Mus musculus | the reaction might be catalyzed by CYP3A4 | 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | additional information | Rattus norvegicus | 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | additional information | Sus scrofa | 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | additional information | Homo sapiens | 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | additional information | Mus musculus | 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.99.38 | Homo sapiens | Q02318 | activity of EC 1.14.99.15 and 1.14.99.38 | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | Mus musculus | Q64459 | - |
- |
| 1.14.99.38 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
| 1.14.99.38 | Sus scrofa | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.99.38 | alveolar macrophage | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | brain | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | heart | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | Hep-G2 cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | hepatocyte | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | hepatocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | kidney | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | liver | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | liver | - |
Sus scrofa | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | liver | low expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | liver | low expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | Mus musculus | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | lung | patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have increased expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in the lung | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | pneumocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.99.38 | THP-1 cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.99.38 | cholesterol + AH2 + O2 | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | cholesterol + AH2 + O2 | - |
Sus scrofa | 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | cholesterol + AH2 + O2 | - |
Homo sapiens | 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | cholesterol + AH2 + O2 | - |
Mus musculus | 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | cholesterol + AH2 + O2 | the reaction might be catalyzed by CYP3A4 | Homo sapiens | 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | cholesterol + AH2 + O2 | the reaction might be catalyzed by CYP3A4 | Mus musculus | 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | additional information | 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | additional information | 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol | Sus scrofa | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | additional information | 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.99.38 | additional information | 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.99.38 | CYP27A1 | EC 1.14.13.15 | Homo sapiens |
| 1.14.99.38 | Cyp3a11 | - |
Mus musculus |
Expression
| EC Number | Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.99.38 | Mus musculus | activation of the innate immune system by TLR ligands induces 25-hydroxycholesterol production which results in suppression of IgA class switching in B cells | up |
General Information
| EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.99.38 | malfunction | mice with a disruption in the cholesterol 25-hydroxylase gene regulate cholesterol metabolism normally. Ch25h-/- mice have higher levels of mRNAs coding for immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin J. Disruption in the Cyp7b1 gene leads to significantly increased levels of 25-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation, and to significantly lower levels of IgA compared to wild-type mice | Mus musculus |
| 1.14.99.38 | malfunction | patients with hereditary spastic paresis, a rare inherited disease with mutations in the CYP7B1 gene, have highly elevated levels of 25- and 27-hydroxycholesterol but normal levels of cholesterol and bile acids | Homo sapiens |
| 1.14.99.38 | additional information | 25-hydroxycholesterol does not stimulate the sPLA2-IIA promoter in the mouse Schwann cell line MSC80 | Mus musculus |
| 1.14.99.38 | additional information | the high concentrations of vitamin D3 metabolites required for upregulation of the cholesterol 25-hydroxylase gene makes it unlikely that these metabolites are important regulators of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in vivo | Homo sapiens |
| 1.14.99.38 | physiological function | formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol in liver mitochondria is dependent on CYP27A1, and the 25-hydroxycholesterol formed is subsequently sulfated by the insulin-regulated cytosolic sulfotransferase 2B1b. 25-Hydroxycholesterol decreases the level of cytoplasmic IkBa and increases the nuclear NFkB level, its sulfated form has the opposite effects | Rattus norvegicus |
| 1.14.99.38 | physiological function | formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol in liver mitochondria is dependent on CYP27A1, and the 25-hydroxycholesterol formed is subsequently sulfated by the insulin-regulated cytosolic sulfotransferase 2B1b. 25-Hydroxycholesterol is, however, a weak activator of the liver X receptors. 25-Hydroxycholesterol is of great importance for maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. 25-Hydroxycholesterol induces the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 | Homo sapiens |
| 1.14.99.38 | physiological function | important role for 25-hydroxycholesterol in the immune system. High concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol induce apoptosis in a mouse oligodendrocyte cell line 158N in an liver X receptor-independent manner. Treatment of these cells with 25-hydroxycholesterol results in enhanced secreted phospholipase A2 activity | Mus musculus |
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