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Literature summary extracted from

  • Liu, J.; Zhong, Y.; Sun, Z.; Huang, J.; Sandmann, G.; Chen, F.
    One amino acid substitution in phytoene desaturase makes Chlorella zofingiensis resistant to norflurazon and enhances the biosynthesis of astaxanthin (2010), Planta, 232, 61-67.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.3.99.29 gene pds, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis of wild-type and mutant E17, expression of wild-type and mutants in Escherichia coli Chromochloris zofingiensis

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
1.3.99.29 L516F naturally occuring mutant strain E17, the mutant enzyme is insensitive, with 31fold higher resistane compared to the wild-tpe enzyme, to inhibition by norflurazon.The mutant also shows higher catalytic efficiency than the wild-type enzyme. Induced by high-light irradiation or glucose, E17 produces 44 or 36% more astaxanthin than the wild-type when cultured in media without norflurazon Chromochloris zofingiensis
1.3.99.29 L516R the mutant show reduced enzyme activity compared to the wild-type enzyme Chromochloris zofingiensis

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.3.99.29 4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridazin-3(2H)-one
-
 Chromochloris zofingiensis

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.3.99.29 15-cis-phytoene + acceptor Chromochloris zofingiensis
-
 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.3.99.29 15-cis-phytoene + acceptor Chromochloris zofingiensis ATCC 30412
-
 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.3.99.29 all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor Chromochloris zofingiensis
-
 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.3.99.29 all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor Chromochloris zofingiensis ATCC 30412
-
 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.3.99.29 Chromochloris zofingiensis A6N8C1
-
-
1.3.99.29 Chromochloris zofingiensis ATCC 30412 A6N8C1
-
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
1.3.99.29 0.00032
-
 recombinant mutant L516R, cell extracts of transformed Escherichia coli, pH 7.2, 28°C Chromochloris zofingiensis
1.3.99.29 0.0004
-
 recombinant wild-type enzyme, cell extracts of transformed Escherichia coli, pH 7.2, 28°C Chromochloris zofingiensis
1.3.99.29 0.00053
-
 recombinant mutant L516F, cell extracts of transformed Escherichia coli, pH 7.2, 28°C Chromochloris zofingiensis

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.3.99.29 15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
-
 Chromochloris zofingiensis all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.3.99.29 15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
-
 Chromochloris zofingiensis ATCC 30412 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.3.99.29 15-cis-phytoene + decyl plastoquinone
-
 Chromochloris zofingiensis all-trans-phytofluene + decyl plastoquinol
-
 ?
1.3.99.29 15-cis-phytoene + decyl plastoquinone
-
 Chromochloris zofingiensis ATCC 30412 all-trans-phytofluene + decyl plastoquinol
-
 ?
1.3.99.29 all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
-
 Chromochloris zofingiensis all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.3.99.29 all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
-
 Chromochloris zofingiensis ATCC 30412 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.3.99.29 all-trans-phytofluene + decyl plastoquinone
-
 Chromochloris zofingiensis all-trans-zeta-carotene + decyl plastoquinol
-
 ?
1.3.99.29 all-trans-phytofluene + decyl plastoquinone
-
 Chromochloris zofingiensis ATCC 30412 all-trans-zeta-carotene + decyl plastoquinol
-
 ?

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.3.99.29 28
-
 assay at Chromochloris zofingiensis

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.3.99.29 7.2
-
 assay at Chromochloris zofingiensis

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.3.99.29 decyl-plastoquinone
-
 Chromochloris zofingiensis

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.3.99.29 metabolism carotenoid profiles of wild-type and mutant E17 strains, overview Chromochloris zofingiensis