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Literature summary extracted from

  • Rackham, O.; Shearwood, A.M.; Thyer, R.; McNamara, E.; Davies, S.M.; Callus, B.A.; Miranda-Vizuete, A.; Berners-Price, S.J.; Cheng, Q.; Arner, E.S.; Filipovska, A.
    Substrate and inhibitor specificities differ between human cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductases: Implications for development of specific inhibitors (2011), Free Radic. Biol. Med., 50, 689-699.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.8.1.9 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) or ER2566 cells Homo sapiens

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.8.1.9 auranofin efficient inhibition, about 20% residual activity after 8 h at 0.005 mM, about 7% residual activity after 8 h at 0.05 mM Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 aurothioglucose about 90% residual activity after 8 h at 0.005 mM, about 80% residual activity after 8 h at 0.05 mM Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 cisplatin about 40% residual activity after 8 h at 0.005 mM or 0.05 mM Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 [(iPr2Im)2Au]Cl mainly inhibits isoform TrxR2, about 30% residual activity after 8 h at 0.005 mM or 0.05 mM Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 [Au(d2pype)2]Cl mainly inhibits isoform TrxR1, about 30% residual activity after 8 h at 0.005 mM, about 10% residual activity after 8 h at 0.05 mM Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 [Au(d2pypp)2]Cl about 30% residual activity after 8 h at 0.005 mM, about 10% residual activity after 8 h at 0.05 mM Homo sapiens

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.8.1.9 0.0019
-
 Lipoamide isoform TrxR1, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 0.0027
-
 lipoic acid isoform TrxR1, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 0.0043
-
 Lipoamide isoform TrxR2, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 0.105
-
 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) isoform TrxR1, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 0.39
-
 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) isoform TrxR2, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
1.8.1.9 cytosol isoform TrxR1 Homo sapiens 5829
-
1.8.1.9 mitochondrion isoform TrxR2 Homo sapiens 5739
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.8.1.9 additional information selenoprotein Homo sapiens

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
1.8.1.9 53117
-
 2 * 53117, isoform TrxR1, calculated from amino acid sequence Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 54769
-
 2 * 54769, isoform TrxR2, calculated from amino acid sequence Homo sapiens

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.8.1.9 thioredoxin 1 + NADP+ Homo sapiens TrxR2 prefers its endogenous substrate thioredocin 2 over thioredoxin 1 (10fold), whereas isoform TrxR1 efficiently reduces both thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2 thioredoxin 1 disulfide + NADPH + H+
-
 ?
1.8.1.9 thioredoxin 2 + NADP+ Homo sapiens TrxR2 prefers its endogenous substrate thioredocin 2 over thioredoxin 1 (10fold), whereas isoform TrxR1 efficiently reduces both thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2 thioredoxin 2 disulfide + NADPH + H+
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.8.1.9 Homo sapiens
-
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.8.1.9 2',5'-ADP Sepharose column chromatography, PAO Sepharose column chromatography, and Superdex 200 gel filtration Homo sapiens

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.8.1.9 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+ isoform TrxR2 displays strikingly lower activity with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) compared to isoform TrxR1 Homo sapiens 5'-thionitrobenzoic acid + NADP+
-
 ?
1.8.1.9 juglone + NADPH + H+ isoform TrxR2 displays strikingly lower activity with juglone compared to isoform TrxR1 Homo sapiens ?
-
 ?
1.8.1.9 lipoamide + NADPH + H+ isoform TrxR2 displays strikingly lower activity with lipoamide compared to isoform TrxR1 Homo sapiens ?
-
 ?
1.8.1.9 lipoic acid + NADPH + H+ substrate for isoform TrxR1 Homo sapiens ?
-
 ?
1.8.1.9 additional information isoform TrxR2 cannot reduce lipoic acid Homo sapiens ?
-
 ?
1.8.1.9 thioredoxin 1 + NADP+ TrxR2 prefers its endogenous substrate thioredocin 2 over thioredoxin 1 (10fold), whereas isoform TrxR1 efficiently reduces both thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens thioredoxin 1 disulfide + NADPH + H+
-
 ?
1.8.1.9 thioredoxin 2 + NADP+ TrxR2 prefers its endogenous substrate thioredocin 2 over thioredoxin 1 (10fold), whereas isoform TrxR1 efficiently reduces both thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens thioredoxin 2 disulfide + NADPH + H+
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.8.1.9 homodimer 2 * 53117, isoform TrxR1, calculated from amino acid sequence Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 homodimer 2 * 54769, isoform TrxR2, calculated from amino acid sequence Homo sapiens

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.8.1.9 TrxR1
-
 Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 TrxR2
-
 Homo sapiens

Turnover Number [1/s]

EC Number Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.8.1.9 1.6
-
 Lipoamide isoform TrxR2, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 1.8
-
 lipoic acid isoform TrxR1, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 3.3
-
 Lipoamide isoform TrxR1, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 8.28
-
 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) isoform TrxR2, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 18.73
-
 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) isoform TrxR1, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.8.1.9 FAD
-
 Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 NADPH dependent on Homo sapiens

kcat/KM [mM/s]

EC Number kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.8.1.9 21.2
-
 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) isoform TrxR2, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 178
-
 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) isoform TrxR1, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 372
-
 Lipoamide isoform TrxR2, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 667
-
 lipoic acid isoform TrxR1, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens
1.8.1.9 1737
-
 Lipoamide isoform TrxR1, in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, at 37°C Homo sapiens