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Literature summary extracted from

  • Fatokun, A.A.; Hunt, N.H.; Ball, H.J.
    Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) and the kynurenine pathway: characteristics and potential roles in health and disease (2013), Amino Acids, 45, 1319-1329.
    View publication on PubMed

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.13.11.52 1-methyl-D-tryptophan selective inhibition of IDO2, 1DMT is not efficacious in a tumor model on an IDO1-/- background Homo sapiens
1.13.11.52 1-methyl-D-tryptophan
-
 Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 1-methyl-L-tryptophan better inhibitor of IDO2 enzymatic activity than 1DMT in both cell-free and cellular assays Homo sapiens
1.13.11.52 1-methyl-L-tryptophan better inhibitor of IDO2 enzymatic activity than 1DMT in both cell-free and cellular assays Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 4-phenylimidazole an IDO1 inhibitor Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 L-tryptophan substrate inhibition of IDO1, not of IDO2 Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 tenatoprazole highly selective for IDO2 inhibition, no inhibition of IDO1 or tryptophan dioxygenase Mus musculus

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.13.11.52 0.028
-
 L-tryptophan IDO1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication, MB assay Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 0.029
-
 L-tryptophan IDO1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication, cytochrome b5 assay Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 0.53
-
 L-tryptophan IDO1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication, cytochrome b5 assay Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 12
-
 L-tryptophan IDO1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication, MB assay Mus musculus

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.13.11.52 Fe2+ heme-containing enzyme Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 Fe2+ heme-containing enzyme Homo sapiens

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
1.13.11.52 45000
-
 x * 45000, about, IDO2, SDS-PAGE Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 47000
-
 x * 47000, about, IDO2, SDS-PAGE Homo sapiens

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.13.11.52 D-tryptophan + O2 Mus musculus IDO1 N-formyl-D-kynurenine
-
 ?
1.13.11.52 D-tryptophan + O2 Homo sapiens IDO1 N-formyl-D-kynurenine
-
 ?
1.13.11.52 L-tryptophan + O2 Mus musculus IDO1 and IDO2 N-formyl-L-kynurenine
-
 ?
1.13.11.52 L-tryptophan + O2 Homo sapiens IDO1 and IDO2 N-formyl-L-kynurenine
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.13.11.52 Homo sapiens
-
-
-
1.13.11.52 Mus musculus
-
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.13.11.52 brain IDO2 Mus musculus
-
1.13.11.52 brain IDO2 Homo sapiens
-
1.13.11.52 epididymis IDO1 is constitutively expressed in the epididymis Mus musculus
-
1.13.11.52 kidney IDO2 Mus musculus
-
1.13.11.52 kidney IDO2 Homo sapiens
-
1.13.11.52 liver IDO2 Mus musculus
-
1.13.11.52 liver IDO2 Homo sapiens
-
1.13.11.52 additional information IDO1 expression is found in most tissues and is regulated by immunological signals, including interferon-gamma, lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens
-
1.13.11.52 additional information IDO1 expression is found in most tissues and is regulated by immunological signals, including interferon-gamma, lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor. Expression of IDO2 protein in the liver and kidney in these IDO1-/- mice is unaffected, although the IDO2 transcript is downregulated. It is possible that the deletion of the IDO1 gene affects the expression of the IDO2 protein in other cell types, and 1DMT's effects might be mediated through either or both IDO isoforms Mus musculus
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.13.11.52 D-tryptophan + O2 IDO1 Mus musculus N-formyl-D-kynurenine
-
 ?
1.13.11.52 D-tryptophan + O2 IDO1 Homo sapiens N-formyl-D-kynurenine
-
 ?
1.13.11.52 L-tryptophan + O2 IDO1 and IDO2 Mus musculus N-formyl-L-kynurenine
-
 ?
1.13.11.52 L-tryptophan + O2 IDO1 and IDO2 Homo sapiens N-formyl-L-kynurenine
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.13.11.52 monomer x * 45000, about, IDO2, SDS-PAGE Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 monomer x * 47000, about, IDO2, SDS-PAGE Homo sapiens

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.13.11.52 IDO1
-
 Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 IDO1
-
 Homo sapiens
1.13.11.52 IDO2
-
 Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 IDO2
-
 Homo sapiens
1.13.11.52 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
-
 Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
-
 Homo sapiens
1.13.11.52 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2
-
 Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2
-
 Homo sapiens
1.13.11.52 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein
-
 Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein
-
 Homo sapiens

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.13.11.52 48
-
 complete denaturation of IDO2, partially of IDO1 Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 60
-
 complete denaturation of IDO1 Mus musculus

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.13.11.52 6 6.5 IDO1 Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 7.4 7.5 IDO2 Mus musculus

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.13.11.52 heme
-
 Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 heme
-
 Homo sapiens

Ki Value [mM]

EC Number Ki Value [mM] Ki Value maximum [mM] Inhibitor Comment Organism Structure
1.13.11.52 0.0018
-
 tenatoprazole IDO2, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 1.6
-
 L-tryptophan inhibition of IDO1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Mus musculus

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
1.13.11.52 Homo sapiens IDO1 expression is upregulated by cytokines such as IFN-gamma, e.g. in HELA cells, IDO2 mRNA expression is upregulated in response to IFN-gamma in some cancer cell lines as well and human mesenchymal stem cells up
1.13.11.52 Mus musculus IDO1 expression is upregulated by cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IDO2 is upregulated in mouse dendritic cell lines as well as mouse mesenchymal stem cells. IDO2 mRNA is also upregulated in the brain of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii, an infection in which IFN-gamma-driven responses play an important role in controlling parasite growth up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.13.11.52 malfunction IDO1 pharmacological inhibition causes the rejection of mouse allogeneic concepti, mediated by T cells, and its expression in tumors is associated with their immune evasion. Deletion of IDO1 genomic sequences has the potential to also impact on IDO2 expression due to the chromosomal proximity of the genes, transcription of the IDO2 gene is reduced in the liver of IDO1-/- mice, although protein levels appear to be maintained Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 metabolism three enzymes are now known to catalyze the first and rate-limiting step in the catabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway: tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase subsequently and a third enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2. The kynurenine pathway is a major route for NAD+ synthesis. The pathway is implicated in many disorders and/or their complications, including cerebral malaria, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 metabolism three enzymes are now known to catalyze the first and rate-limiting step in the catabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway: tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase subsequently and a third enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2. The kynurenine pathway is a major route for NAD+ synthesis. The pathway is implicated in many disorders and/or their complications, including cerebral malaria, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases Homo sapiens
1.13.11.52 additional information transcription of the IDO2 gene is complex. IDO1 expression is found in most tissues and is regulated by immunological signals, including interferon-gamma, lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus
1.13.11.52 additional information transcription of the IDO2 gene is complex. IDO1 expression is found in most tissues and is regulated by immunological signals, including interferon-gamma, lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens
1.13.11.52 physiological function in mammals, IDO1 acts as a defence molecule in combating bacterial and viral infections, as its expression is up-regulated by cytokines such as IFN-gamma, leading to local depletion of L-Trp and causing inhibition of pathogen growth Homo sapiens
1.13.11.52 physiological function in mammals, IDO1 acts as a defence molecule in combating bacterial and viral infections, as its expression is up-regulated by cytokines such as IFN-gamma, leading to local depletion of L-Trp and causing inhibition of pathogen growth. IDO2 mRNA is also upregulated in the brain of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii, an infection in which IFN-gamma driven responses play an important role in controlling parasite growth Mus musculus