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Literature summary extracted from

  • Gupta, N.; Sharma, P.; Santosh Kumar, R.J.; Vishwakarma, R.K.; Khan, B.M.
    Functional characterization and differential expression studies of squalene synthase from Withania somnifera (2012), Mol. Biol. Rep., 39, 8803-8812.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.5.1.21 genes WsSQS1and WsSQS2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, quantitative real-time PCR tissue expression analysis, expression as soluble recombinant enzymes with 24 hydrophobic amino acids deleted from the C-terminus and expressed as His6-tagged proteins in Escherichia coli Withania somnifera

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
2.5.1.21 Mg2+ required, the catalytic site is composed of the large central cavity formed by antiparallel alpha helices with two aspartate rich regions (DXXXD) on opposite walls, these residues are considered to play roles in binding of prenyl phosphates by binding Mg2+ ions Withania somnifera

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
2.5.1.21 43000
-
 x * 43000, recombinant C-terminally truncated, His6-tagged WsSQS1and WsSQS2, SDS-PAGE Withania somnifera

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.5.1.21 2 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate Withania somnifera
-
 diphosphate + presqualene diphosphate
-
 ?
2.5.1.21 2 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + NADPH + H+ Withania somnifera overall reaction squalene + 2 diphosphate + NADP+
-
 ?
2.5.1.21 presqualene diphosphate + NADPH + H+ Withania somnifera
-
 squalene + diphosphate + NADP+
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.5.1.21 Withania somnifera H9L9T8 WsSQS; genes WsSQS1and WsSQS2
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
2.5.1.21 recombinant His6-tagged WsSQS1and WsSQS2 proteins from Escherichia coli by nickel affinity chromatgraphy Withania somnifera

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.5.1.21 leaf higher SQS comtent in younger than in mature leaves Withania somnifera
-
2.5.1.21 additional information quantitative real-time PCR tissue expression analysis, overview. WsSQS expresses more in young leaves than mature leaves, stem and root Withania somnifera
-
2.5.1.21 root
-
 Withania somnifera
-
2.5.1.21 stem
-
 Withania somnifera
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.5.1.21 2 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
-
 Withania somnifera diphosphate + presqualene diphosphate
-
 ?
2.5.1.21 2 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + NADPH + H+ overall reaction Withania somnifera squalene + 2 diphosphate + NADP+
-
 ?
2.5.1.21 presqualene diphosphate + NADPH + H+
-
 Withania somnifera squalene + diphosphate + NADP+
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
2.5.1.21 ? x * 43000, recombinant C-terminally truncated, His6-tagged WsSQS1and WsSQS2, SDS-PAGE Withania somnifera

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.5.1.21 SQS
-
 Withania somnifera

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.5.1.21 30
-
 assay at Withania somnifera

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
2.5.1.21 8
-
 assay at Withania somnifera

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
2.5.1.21 NADPH
-
 Withania somnifera

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.5.1.21 metabolism squalene synthase is a key enzyme in the regulation of isoprenoid biosynthesis and is important in the withanolides biosynthesis pathway, overview Withania somnifera
2.5.1.21 additional information the catalytic site is composed of the large central cavity formed by antiparallel alpha helices with two aspartate rich regions (DXXXD) on opposite walls, these residues are considered to play roles in binding of prenyl phosphates by binding Mg2+ ions Withania somnifera