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Literature summary extracted from

  • Wang, Y.; Hsu, P.; Tsay, Y.
    Uptake, allocation and signaling of nitrate (2012), Trends Plant Sci., 17, 458-467.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
7.3.2.4 NAR2 the two-transmembrane-domain protein is required for the nitrate transport activity of NRT2 transporters Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NAR2 the two-transmembrane-domain protein is required for the nitrate transport activity of NRT2 transporters Chlamydomonas sp.

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
7.3.2.4 plasma membrane NRT1.8 Arabidopsis thaliana 5886
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
7.3.2.4 ATP + H2O + nitrate/out Arabidopsis thaliana
-
ADP + phosphate + nitrate/in
-
?
7.3.2.4 ATP + H2O + nitrate/out Chlamydomonas sp.
-
ADP + phosphate + nitrate/in
-
?
7.3.2.4 ATP + H2O + nitrate/out Aspergillus sp.
-
ADP + phosphate + nitrate/in
-
?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
7.3.2.4 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-
-
7.3.2.4 Aspergillus sp.
-
-
-
7.3.2.4 Chlamydomonas sp.
-
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
7.3.2.4 companion cell NRT1.9 is expressed in the companion cells of the phloem Arabidopsis thaliana
-
7.3.2.4 guard cell
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
7.3.2.4 leaf NRT1.4 and NRT1.7, the latter is expressed in the phloem of minor veins in older leaves Arabidopsis thaliana
-
7.3.2.4 phloem NRT1.9 is expressed in the companion cells of the phloem, NRT1.7 is expressed in the phloem of minor veins in older leaves Arabidopsis thaliana
-
7.3.2.4 root CHL1, i.e. NRT1.1, is expressed in root epidermis, cortex, and endodermis. NRT1.8, a low-affinity nitrate transporter located in the plasma membrane, is expressed dominantly in the xylem parenchyma cells of roots Arabidopsis thaliana
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
7.3.2.4 ATP + H2O + nitrate/out
-
Arabidopsis thaliana ADP + phosphate + nitrate/in
-
?
7.3.2.4 ATP + H2O + nitrate/out
-
Chlamydomonas sp. ADP + phosphate + nitrate/in
-
?
7.3.2.4 ATP + H2O + nitrate/out
-
Aspergillus sp. ADP + phosphate + nitrate/in
-
?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
7.3.2.4 CHL1
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NRT1.1
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NRT1.2
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NRT1.3
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NRT1.4
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NRT1.6
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NRT1.7
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NRT1.8
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NRT1.9
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NRT2
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NRT2
-
Chlamydomonas sp.
7.3.2.4 NRT2
-
Aspergillus sp.
7.3.2.4 NRT2.1
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NRT2.2
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NRT2.4
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 NRT2.7
-
Arabidopsis thaliana

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
7.3.2.4 Arabidopsis thaliana NRT2.1 transgenic Arabidopsis and Nicotiana reveal post-transcriptional repression of nitrate uptake in response to ammonium or dark treatments. In wild type, both the AtNRT2.1 mRNA level and the HATS are downregulated by prolonged dark. In the Arabidopsis 35S-NRT2.1 plant, the mRNA level remains unchanged in response to prolonged dark, but the HATS and NRT2.1 protein levels are reduced. cadmium treatment reduces the activity of NRT1.8 in the shoot down
7.3.2.4 Arabidopsis thaliana ex-pression of CHL1 (NRT1.1), NRT1.2, NRT2.1, NRT2.2, and/or NRT2.4 is regulated at the transcriptional level by nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, glutamine, N starvation, light, sucrose, diurnal rhythm, and/or pH additional information
7.3.2.4 Arabidopsis thaliana transporters NRT1.6, NRT1.7, NRT2.1, and NRT2.4 are inducible by nitrate. In wild type, expression of NRT1.8 is upregulated by cadmium up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
7.3.2.4 evolution the enzyme belongs to the NRT1/PTR family. Of 16 members characterized, some transport nitrate and some transport dipeptides. With the exception of Arabidopsis thaliana CHL1 (AtNRT1.1) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis NRT1.3, which are dual-affinity nitrate transporters, most of the NRT1 nitrate transporters characterized are low-affinity nitrate transporters. Most nitrate and peptide transporters characterized in the NRT1/PTR family are proton-coupled transporters. all NRT2 transporters isolated from Aspergillus, Chlamydomonas, and higher plants transport nitrate. It is believed that the NRT2s are also proton-coupled transporters Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 evolution the enzyme belongs to the NRT1/PTR family. Of 16 members characterized, some transport nitrate and some transport dipeptides. With the exception of Arabidopsis thaliana CHL1 (AtNRT1.1) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis NRT1.3, which are dual-affinity nitrate transporters, most of the NRT1 nitrate transporters characterized are low-affinity nitrate transporters. Most nitrate and peptide transporters characterized in the NRT1/PTR family are proton-coupled transporters. all NRT2 transporters isolated from Aspergillus, Chlamydomonas, and higher plants transport nitrate. It is believed that the NRT2s are also proton-coupled transporters Chlamydomonas sp.
7.3.2.4 evolution the enzyme belongs to the NRT1/PTR family. Of 16 members characterized, some transport nitrate and some transport dipeptides. With the exception of Arabidopsis thaliana CHL1 (AtNRT1.1) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis NRT1.3, which are dual-affinity nitrate transporters, most of the NRT1 nitrate transporters characterized are low-affinity nitrate transporters. Most nitrate and peptide transporters characterized in the NRT1/PTR family are proton-coupled transporters. all NRT2 transporters isolated from Aspergillus, Chlamydomonas, and higher plants transport nitrate. It is believed that the NRT2s are also proton-coupled transporters Aspergillus sp.
7.3.2.4 malfunction nrt2.1 mutants show reduced susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. In NRT1.7 mutants more nitrate accumulates in older leaves, less 15NO3-dropped on the older leaves can be transported to younger leaves, and less nitrate is detected in the phloem sap of the older leaves. Nrt1.8 mutant shows a nitrate-dependent cadmium-sensitive phenotype and, compared with the wild type, an increased amount of cadmium is transported to the shoot. In the Arabidopsis nar2.1 mutant, the disappearance of NRT2.1 protein in the membrane fraction suggests that NAR2.1 is required for the plasma membrane targeting, and/or the protein stability, of NRT2.1. Nrt1.8 mutants show increased nitrate content in xylem sap and increased root-to-shoot nitrate translocation Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 metabolism nitrate uptake is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 additional information a membrane protein, NAR2, is required for the nitrate transport activity of NRT2 transporters Arabidopsis thaliana
7.3.2.4 additional information a membrane protein, NAR2, is required for the nitrate transport activity of NRT2 transporters Chlamydomonas sp.
7.3.2.4 physiological function the NRT2.1- NAR2.1 complex has dual effects on lateral root development. In addition to being a transporter involved in nitrate uptake, CHL1 also functions as a nitrate sensor, regulating a transcriptional response called the primary nitrate response with roles in regulating root architecture. NRT1.4, a low-affinity nitrate transporter, plays a role in regulating leaf nitrate homeostasis and leaf development, NRT1.4 expressed in the petiole could affect lamina nitrate content and lamina growth. NRT1 transporters NRT1.8 and NRT1.9 are involved in regulating root-to-shoot nitrate translocation, both NRT1.8 and NRT1.9 are negative regulators of root-to-shoot nitrate transport but through different mechanisms. The function of NRT1.8 in removing nitrate from xylem sap also allows Cd2+ to stay in the roots, and consequently enhances Cd2+ tolerance. CHL1, i.e. NRT1.1, is a dual-affinity nitrate transporter mediating both the high-affinity transport system and the low-affinity transport system. The switch between the two affinities is controlled by phosphorylation at the T101 residue between the second and third transmembrane domains, this phosphorylation is regulated by the calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase CIPK23. Dual-affinity transport activity is also exhibited by the potassium transporter KUP and the nitrate transporter MtNRT1.3. NRT1.8 functions in removing nitrate from the xylem sap back into the root cells Arabidopsis thaliana