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Literature summary extracted from

  • Gocke, D.; Graf, T.; Brosi, H.; Frindi-Wosch, I.; Walter, L.; Müller, M.; Pohl, M.
    Comparative characterisation of thiamin diphosphate-dependent decarboxylases (2009), J. Mol. Catal. B, 61, 30-35.
No PubMed abstract available

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
4.1.1.1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells Zymobacter palmae

General Stability

EC Number General Stability Organism
4.1.1.1 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate is sufficient to keep the enzyme stable and active in potassium phosphate buffer for several days Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate is sufficient to keep the enzyme stable and active in potassium phosphate buffer for several days Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate is sufficient to keep the enzyme stable and active in potassium phosphate buffer for several days Zymobacter palmae

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
4.1.1.1 2.5
-
pyruvate in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 2.8
-
pyruvate in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Acetobacter pasteurianus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
4.1.1.1 pyruvate Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
acetaldehyde + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 pyruvate Acetobacter pasteurianus
-
acetaldehyde + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 pyruvate Zymobacter palmae
-
acetaldehyde + CO2
-
?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
4.1.1.1 Acetobacter pasteurianus
-
-
-
4.1.1.1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
-
4.1.1.1 Zymobacter palmae
-
strain DSMZ 10491
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 0.2
-
using 2-oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid as substrate, in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 0.2
-
using 2-oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 0.3
-
using 2-oxo-4-phenylbutanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 0.3
-
using 2-oxo-4-phenylbutanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 0.3
-
using 3-fluoro-2-oxopropanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 0.3
-
using 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid as substrate, in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 0.3
-
using oxo(phenyl)acetic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 0.4
-
using 4-methyl-2-oxohexanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 0.5
-
using 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxopropanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 0.6
-
using 2-oxooctanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 0.6
-
using 3-fluoro-2-oxopropanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 0.6
-
using 4-methyl-2-oxohexanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 0.8
-
using phenylpyruvate as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 1.1
-
using 11 as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 1.1
-
using 2-oxooctanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 1.1
-
using 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 1.7
-
using 2-oxo-4-phenylbutanoic acid as substrate, in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 1.8
-
using phenylpyruvate as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 2.2
-
using 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 2.8
-
using 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 2.8
-
using 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 4.2
-
using 2-oxohexanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 5.3
-
using 2-oxohexanoic acid as substrate, in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 6.2
-
using 2-oxohexanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 6.9
-
using 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate as substrate, in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 10.4
-
using 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 12.9
-
using 2-oxopentanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 16.9
-
using 2-oxobutanoic acid as substrate, in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 18.8
-
using 2-oxopentanoic acid as substrate, in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 20.7
-
using 2-oxopentanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 43.4
-
using pyruvate as substrate, in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 60
-
using 2-oxobutanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 85.1
-
using 2-oxobutanoic acid as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 89.3
-
using pyruvate as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 147
-
using pyruvate as substrate, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM thiamine diphosphate Zymobacter palmae

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
4.1.1.1 2-oxo-4-phenylbutanoic acid
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3-phenylpropanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxo-4-phenylbutanoic acid
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxo-4-phenylbutanoic acid
-
Zymobacter palmae ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4-phenylbutanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid
-
Zymobacter palmae ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxobutanoic acid
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae propanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxobutanoic acid
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxobutanoic acid
-
Zymobacter palmae ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxohexanoic acid
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxohexanoic acid
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxohexanoic acid
-
Zymobacter palmae ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxohexanoic acid
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae n-pentanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxooctanoic acid
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxooctanoic acid
-
Zymobacter palmae n-hexanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxopentanoic acid
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxopentanoic acid
-
Zymobacter palmae ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxopentanoic acid
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae n-butanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxopropanoic acid
-
Zymobacter palmae 1H-indol-3-ylacetaldehyde + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxopropanoic acid
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 3-fluoro-2-oxopropanoic acid
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 3-fluoro-2-oxopropanoic acid
-
Zymobacter palmae fluoroacetaldehyde + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid
-
Zymobacter palmae 2-methylbutanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid
-
Zymobacter palmae ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 4-methyl-2-oxohexanoic acid
-
Zymobacter palmae 3-methylpentanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 4-methyl-2-oxohexanoic acid
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 4-methyl-2-oxohexanoic acid
-
Zymobacter palmae ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3-methylbutanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 acetaldehyde + acetaldehyde
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S)-acetoin + ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 acetaldehyde + acetaldehyde
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus (S)-acetoin + ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 acetaldehyde + acetaldehyde
-
Zymobacter palmae (S)-acetoin + ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 acetaldehyde + benzaldehyde
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol
-
?
4.1.1.1 acetaldehyde + benzaldehyde
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol
-
?
4.1.1.1 acetaldehyde + benzaldehyde
-
Zymobacter palmae (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol
-
?
4.1.1.1 additional information does not act on phenylpyruvate Saccharomyces cerevisiae ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 additional information even with benzaldehyde as the only substrate no benzoin can be detected, the enzyme does not produce (S)-2-hydroxypropiophenone Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 additional information even with benzaldehyde as the only substrate no benzoin can be detected, the enzyme does not produce (S)-2-hydroxypropiophenone Zymobacter palmae ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 oxo(phenyl)acetic acid
-
Zymobacter palmae benzaldehyde + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 oxo(phenyl)acetic acid
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 Phenylpyruvate
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 Phenylpyruvate
-
Zymobacter palmae ?
-
?
4.1.1.1 pyruvate
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae acetaldehyde + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 pyruvate
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus acetaldehyde + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 pyruvate
-
Zymobacter palmae acetaldehyde + CO2
-
?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 PDC
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 PDC
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 PDC
-
Zymobacter palmae

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 43
-
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 55
-
-
Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 65
-
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 20 35 half-life of 235 h at 20°C, half-life of 78 h at 30°C, half-life of 62 h at 35°C Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 30 70 half-life of 144 h at 30°C, 34 h at 40°C, 12 h at 50°C, 2 h at 60°C, and 0.4 h at 70°C Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 30 60 half-life of 150 h at 30°C, 40 h at 40°C, 10 h at 50°C, and 0.4 h at 60°C Zymobacter palmae

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 3.5 6.5
-
Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 5 7
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 7
-
-
Zymobacter palmae

pH Range

EC Number pH Minimum pH Maximum Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 4.5 8
-
Zymobacter palmae

pH Stability

EC Number pH Stability pH Stability Maximum Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 4 9 the enzyme is stable at pH 6.5/8.0 for several days, complete activity loss occurs within 2 h at pH 4.0 or 9.0 Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 5 7 the enzyme shows no activity loss at pH 5.8-7.0 within 60 h, half-life at pH 4.0 is 2.3 h Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 5 8 half-life of 80 h at pH 5, half-life of 53 h at pH 7.0, half-life of 13 h at pH 8.0 Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
4.1.1.1 thiamine diphosphate dependent on Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.1.1.1 thiamine diphosphate dependent on Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 thiamine diphosphate dependent on Zymobacter palmae