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Literature summary extracted from

  • Gao, Z.; Han, X.; Xiao, X.
    Purification and characterisation of polyphenol oxidase from red Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subspecies cicla) leaves (2009), Food Chem., 117, 342-348.
No PubMed abstract available

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.14.18.1 1,4-dithiothreitol complete inhibition at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 ascorbic acid completely inhibited by 10 mM ascorbic acid Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 beta-mercaptoethanol complete inhibition at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 Ca2+ 65% residual activity at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 cetyl trimethylammonium bromide 46% residual activity at 0.2% (v/v) Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 Citric acid 65% residual activity at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 Co2+ 75% residual activity at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 Cu2+ 50% residual activity at 1 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 cysteine complete inhibition at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 EDTA 81% residual activity at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 Mg2+ 65% residual activity at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 Mn2+ 75% residual activity at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 Sodium azide 83% residual activity at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate complete inhibition at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 Sodium metabisulfite complete inhibition at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 sodium sulfite complete inhibition at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 Thiourea complete inhibition at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 Tween 20 84% residual activity at 10 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 Zn2+ 77% residual activity at 10 mM Beta vulgaris

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.14.18.1 K+ 127% activity at 1 mM Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 Na+ 114% activity at 10 mM Beta vulgaris

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 41000
-
SDS-PAGE Beta vulgaris

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.14.18.1 Beta vulgaris
-
red Swiss chard, subspecies Beta vulgaris cicla
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.14.18.1 ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration Beta vulgaris

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.14.18.1 leaf
-
Beta vulgaris
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.14.18.1 2 catechol + O2 86% relative activity compared to L-DOPA Beta vulgaris 2 1,2-benzoquinone + 2 H2O
-
?
1.14.18.1 2,3-dimethylphenol + O2 11% relative activity compared to L-DOPA Beta vulgaris ?
-
?
1.14.18.1 4-methoxyphenol + O2 40% relative activity compared to L-DOPA, weak monophenolase activity Beta vulgaris ?
-
?
1.14.18.1 chlorogenic acid + O2 80% relative activity compared to L-DOPA Beta vulgaris ?
-
?
1.14.18.1 gallic acid + O2 73% relative activity compared to L-DOPA Beta vulgaris ?
-
?
1.14.18.1 L-Dopa + O2 100% activity Beta vulgaris L-dopaquinone + H2O
-
?
1.14.18.1 L-tyrosine + O2 2% relative activity compared to L-DOPA, weak monophenolase activity Beta vulgaris L-DOPA + H2O
-
?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 monomer 1 * 41000, SDS-PAGE Beta vulgaris

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 polyphenol oxidase
-
Beta vulgaris
1.14.18.1 PPO
-
Beta vulgaris

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 45
-
-
Beta vulgaris

Temperature Range [°C]

EC Number Temperature Minimum [°C] Temperature Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 30 70 about 55% of maximal activity at 30°C and at 70°C Beta vulgaris

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 10 70 the activity of recombinant PPO gradually increases with temperature ranging from 10 to 45°C, but followed by a decrease at higher temperatures, the residual soluble PPO activity remains above 60% after 40 min at 30, 40 and 50°C and then decreases significantly when temperature reaches at 60°C, with only 55% activity in just 10 min. When the temperature is raised to 80°C, the enzyme retains less than 18% of its original activity after 20 min and even less after prolonged incubation. Beta vulgaris

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 7.5
-
-
Beta vulgaris

pH Range

EC Number pH Minimum pH Maximum Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 6.5 10 pH 6.5: about 60% of maximal activity, pH 10.0: about 10% of maximal activity Beta vulgaris

pH Stability

EC Number pH Stability pH Stability Maximum Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 3 10 stable between pH 4.0 and 10.0 retaining more than 80% of its activity in the pH range of 5.0-9.0, PPO is rapidly inactivated by the pH below 5.0, the activity of recombinant PPO gradually increases with pH value in the range of 5-7, the activity decreases rapidly below and above pH 7.5, more than 70% of the optimal activity is kept between pH 7.5 and 10.0, after incubating at pH 11.0 for 1 h the recombinant PPO still retains 74% of its activity whereas at pH 3.0 it is left with only 39.4% Beta vulgaris