Literature summary extracted from
Jiang-Qiang, K.; Wei, W.; Li-Na, W.; Xiao-Dong, Z.; Ke-Di, C.; Ping, Z.
The improvement of amorpha-4,11-diene production by a yeast-conform variant (2009), J. Appl. Microbiol., 106, 941-951.
Application
EC Number |
Application |
Comment |
Organism |
---|
4.2.3.24 |
drug development |
amorpha-4,11-diene is a precursor of artemisinin, an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone produced in plant Artemisia annua L., one of the most important agents in the treatment of malaria, particularly in the form of artemisinin-based combination therapies |
Artemisia annua |
Cloned(Commentary)
EC Number |
Cloned (Comment) |
Organism |
---|
4.2.3.24 |
The ADS gene is mutated to the yeast-conform variant ADSm (based on the original DNA sequence of the wild-type gene, the plant gene codons are modified to Saccharomyces cerevisiae preferred with the intact protein primary structure, production in a transformed yeast.) The 8 low-usage codons, AGG (Arg), CGA (Arg), CGG (Arg), CGC (Arg), CCG (Pro), CTC (Leu), GCG (Ala) and ACG (Thr) in ADSm gene are changed with bias codons in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The synonymous codons of 5 amino acids are changed into one preferred codon in ADSm gene, such as Gln (CAA), Glu (GAA), Cys (TGT), Arg (AGA) and Gly (GGT), which can improve the abundance of cognate tRNA when translated. Three genes, encoding the FPP synthase, HMG-CoA reductase and ADS, are plasmid-transformed together. |
Artemisia annua |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
EC Number |
Natural Substrates |
Organism |
Comment (Nat. Sub.) |
Natural Products |
Comment (Nat. Pro.) |
Rev. |
Reac. |
---|
4.2.3.24 |
2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate |
Artemisia annua |
- |
amorpha-4,11-diene + diphosphate |
amorpha-4,11-diene is a precursor of artemisin, a three-step oxidation is necessary |
? |
|
Organism
EC Number |
Organism |
UniProt |
Comment |
Textmining |
---|
4.2.3.24 |
Artemisia annua |
Q9AR04 |
sequence of wild-type enzyme; yeast-conform variant of the gene, production in a transformed yeast |
- |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
EC Number |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] |
Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] |
Comment |
Organism |
---|
4.2.3.24 |
additional information |
- |
Strains transformed with the yeast-conform allele (ADSm) are more efficient in terms of production of amorpha-4,11-diene than those transformed with the plant gene. Production of amorpha-4,11-diene in the engineered yeasts containing ADSm gene is 10-20fold higher than the control |
Artemisia annua |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
EC Number |
Substrates |
Comment Substrates |
Organism |
Products |
Comment (Products) |
Rev. |
Reac. |
---|
4.2.3.24 |
2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate |
- |
Artemisia annua |
amorpha-4,11-diene + diphosphate |
amorpha-4,11-diene is a precursor of artemisin, a three-step oxidation is necessary |
? |
|
Synonyms
EC Number |
Synonyms |
Comment |
Organism |
---|
4.2.3.24 |
ADS |
- |
Artemisia annua |
4.2.3.24 |
amorpha-4,11-diene synthase |
- |
Artemisia annua |