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Literature summary extracted from

  • Hadjiconstantinou, M.; Neff, N.H.
    Enhancing aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity: implications for L-DOPA treatment in Parkinsons disease (2008), CNS Neurosci. Ther., 14, 340-351.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
4.1.1.28 amantadine drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 budipine drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 clonidine drug acting on alpha adrenergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 clozapine drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 clozapine enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 dextrometorphan drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 flupenthixol enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 flupenthixol enhances activity in rat striatum Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 forskolin intracerebroventricularly injection enhances the enzyme activity, a response, that can be blocked by selective inhibitors of protein kinase A Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 haloperidol enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 haloperidol enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 ketanserin drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 L-745,870 enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 light increases AAAD activity in retina Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 light increases AAAD activity in retina Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 light increases AAAD activity in retina Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 mecamylamine drug acting on cholinerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 memantine drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 metergoline drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 MK-801 drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 additional information activation in vivo occurs in response to the acute action of physiological stimuli, drugs that act at neurotransmitter receptors, or modulation of the activity of endogenous kinases and phospatases Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 additional information activation in vivo occurs in response to the acute action of physiological stimuli, drugs that act at neurotransmitter receptors, or modulation of the activity of endogenous kinases and phospatases Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 additional information the early activation of AAAD is followed by a late, longer lasting (hours) response, which is accompanied by an increase of mRNA and protein Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 additional information the early activation of AAAD is followed by a late, longer lasting (hours) response, which is accompanied by an increase of mRNA and protein Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 phencyclidine drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 phorbol-12,13-myristic acid intracerebroventricularly injection enhances the enzyme activity, a response, that can be blocked by selective inhibitors of protein kinase A Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 pimozide enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 protein kinase A phosphorylates and activates AAAD in vitro Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 remoxipride enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 SCH 23390 enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D1-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 SKF 38393 enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by chronic treatment with the D1-like receptor agonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 spiperone drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 spiperone enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 sulpiride enhanced AAAD activity by in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 Way 100635 drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity Mus musculus

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
4.1.1.28 medicine therapy of Parkinson disease Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 medicine therapy of Parkinson disease Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 medicine therapy of Parkinson disease Rattus norvegicus

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
4.1.1.28 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine MPTP, after 7 days of treatment, AAAD activities are decreased by more than 50% in the mouse striatum Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 apomorphine inhibition in rat striatum Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 bromocryptine reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 Clorgyline reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 L-Dopa 20.3% decrease in activity in corpus striatum following a 2 years treatment Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 L-Dopa reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 additional information diminished AAAD activity in dopaminergic cells that overexpress alpha-sinuclein Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 additional information dopamine receptor activation decreases AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 Pargyline reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 quinpirole reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist Rattus norvegicus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
4.1.1.28 L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Mus musculus L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease Dopamine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.28 L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Homo sapiens L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease Dopamine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.28 L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Rattus norvegicus L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease Dopamine + CO2
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
4.1.1.28 Homo sapiens
-
-
-
4.1.1.28 Mus musculus
-
-
-
4.1.1.28 Rattus norvegicus
-
-
-

Posttranslational Modification

EC Number Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
4.1.1.28 phosphoprotein plays a role in the activation of the enzyme in vivo Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 phosphoprotein plays a role in the activation of the enzyme in vivo Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 phosphoprotein plays a role in the activation of the enzyme in vivo Rattus norvegicus

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
4.1.1.28 brain
-
 Homo sapiens
-
4.1.1.28 corpus striatum
-
 Mus musculus
-
4.1.1.28 corpus striatum
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-
4.1.1.28 locus ceruleus
-
 Mus musculus
-
4.1.1.28 locus ceruleus
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-
4.1.1.28 midbrain
-
 Mus musculus
-
4.1.1.28 midbrain
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-
4.1.1.28 raphe nucleus
-
 Mus musculus
-
4.1.1.28 raphe nucleus
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-
4.1.1.28 retina
-
 Mus musculus
-
4.1.1.28 retina
-
 Homo sapiens
-
4.1.1.28 retina
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-
4.1.1.28 substantia nigra
-
 Mus musculus
-
4.1.1.28 substantia nigra
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
4.1.1.28 additional information
-
 altered enzyme activity and regulation contributes to the decreasing therapeutic response of L-dopa Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 additional information
-
 enzyme activity is closely associated with substrate response and is a determining factor for the formation of dopamine Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 additional information
-
 enzyme activity is closely associated with substrate response and is a determining factor for the formation of dopamine Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 additional information
-
 enzyme activity is closely associated with substrate response and is a determining factor for the formation of dopamine Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 additional information
-
 in striatum and retina, kinetic activation of AAAD is rapid, short-lasting and characterized by changes in the apparent Vmax for both the substrate and the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 additional information
-
 in striatum and retina, kinetic activation of AAAD is rapid, short-lasting and characterized by changes in the apparent Vmax for both the substrate and the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Rattus norvegicus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
4.1.1.28 L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease Mus musculus Dopamine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.28 L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease Homo sapiens Dopamine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.28 L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease Rattus norvegicus Dopamine + CO2
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
4.1.1.28 5-hydroxytryptophan hydroxylase
-
 Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 5-hydroxytryptophan hydroxylase
-
 Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 5-hydroxytryptophan hydroxylase
-
 Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 AAAD
-
 Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 AAAD
-
 Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 AAAD
-
 Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
-
 Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
-
 Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
-
 Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 DOPA decarboxylase
-
 Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 DOPA decarboxylase
-
 Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 DOPA decarboxylase
-
 Rattus norvegicus
4.1.1.28 Tryptophan decarboxylase
-
 Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 Tryptophan decarboxylase
-
 Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 Tryptophan decarboxylase
-
 Rattus norvegicus

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
4.1.1.28 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
 Mus musculus
4.1.1.28 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
 Homo sapiens
4.1.1.28 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
 Rattus norvegicus