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Literature summary extracted from
- Constituents from the Formosan apple reduce tyrosinase activity in human epidermal melanocytes (2007), Phytochemistry, 68, 1189-1199.
Application
| EC Number | Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | drug development | 3-hydroxyphloretin and catechol isolated from the formosan apple, may be useful as cosmetic agents to stimulate skin whitening | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | 3-hydroxyphloretin | constituents from the formosan apple (Malus doumeri var. formosana), exhibits a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity, competitive inhibitor. Enzyme kinetics study of 3-hydroxyphloretin as inhibitor with various concentrations of the L-tyrosine substrate (15.625, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 microM) | Agaricus bisporus |  |
| 1.14.18.1 | 3-hydroxyphloretin | constituents from the formosan apple (Malus doumeri var. formosana), inhibition 73%, shows substantial cellular tyrosinase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100 microM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 3-hydroxyphloridzin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | arbutin | commercially available depigmenting agent, used as a positive control | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | ascorbic acid | exhibits less tyrosinase-inhibitory activity than 3-hydroxyphloretin or catechol | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | catechol | constituents from the formosan apple (Malus doumeri var. formosana) | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | catechol | constituents from the formosan apple (Malus doumeri var. formosana), inhibition 78%, shows substantial cellular tyrosinase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100 microM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | chrysin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | ellagic acid | exhibits less tyrosinase-inhibitory activity than 3-hydroxyphloretin or catechol | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | hydroquinone | exhibits less tyrosinase-inhibitory activity than 3-hydroxyphloretin or catechol, very toxic to HEMn cell | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | phloretin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | phloridzin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | pinosylvin | inhibition of 32% | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | protocatechuic acid | inhibition of 34% | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | quercetin | inhibition of 36% | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | rutin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
KM Value [mM]
| EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.39 | - |
L-tyrosine | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | Agaricus bisporus | - |
- |
- |
| 1.14.18.1 | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | HEMn cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.18.1 | melanocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| EC Number | Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | - |
mushroom tyrosinase purified enzyme assay with 5000 U/ml | Agaricus bisporus |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | L-dopa + 1/2 O2 | - |
Homo sapiens | L-dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + O2 + AH2 | - |
Agaricus bisporus | L-dopa + H2O + A | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | tyrosine + O2 + AH2 | - |
Homo sapiens | L-dopa + H2O + A | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | tyrosinase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 1.14.18.1 | tyrosinase | - |
Agaricus bisporus |
IC50 Value
| EC Number | IC50 Value | IC50 Value Maximum | Comment | Organism | Inhibitor | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.0006 | - |
potent hydroxyl radical-scavenging, phloretin, quercetin, 3-hydroxyphloretin, catechol, and pinosylvin have the strongest hydroxyl radical-scavenging properties | Homo sapiens | 3-hydroxyphloretin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.0008 | - |
the effect of the formosan apple constituents on hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity. Phloretin, quercetin, 3-hydroxyphloretin, catechol, and pinosylvin have the strongest hydroxyl radical-scavenging properties | Homo sapiens | phloretin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.0011 | - |
potent hydroxyl radical-scavenging, phloretin, quercetin, 3-hydroxyphloretin, catechol, and pinosylvin have the strongest hydroxyl radical-scavenging properties | Homo sapiens | catechol | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.0012 | - |
the effect of the formosan apple constituents on hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity, phloretin, quercetin, 3-hydroxyphloretin, catechol, and pinosylvin have the strongest hydroxyl radical-scavenging properties | Homo sapiens | quercetin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.0025 | - |
the effect of the formosan apple constituents on hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity, phloretin, quercetin, 3-hydroxyphloretin, catechol, and pinosylvin have the strongest hydroxyl radical-scavenging properties | Homo sapiens | pinosylvin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.022 | - |
cellular tyrosinase-reducing activities, reduction of tyrosinase in HEMn cells | Homo sapiens | catechol | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.03 | - |
the effect of the formosan apple constituents on hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity | Homo sapiens | 3-hydroxyphlorizin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.032 | - |
cellular tyrosinase-reducing activities, reduction of tyrosinase in HEMn cells | Homo sapiens | 3-hydroxyphloretin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.042 | - |
the effect of the formosan apple constituents on hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity | Homo sapiens | protocatechuic acid | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.045 | - |
the effect of the formosan apple constituents on hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity | Homo sapiens | chrysin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.0634 | - |
exhibits a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity, enzyme kinetics study of 3-hydroxyphloretin as inhibitor with various concentrations of the L-tyrosine substrate (15.625, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 microM) | Agaricus bisporus | 3-hydroxyphloretin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.08 | - |
the effect of the formosan apple constituents on hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity | Homo sapiens | rutin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.087 | - |
the effect of the formosan apple constituents on hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity | Homo sapiens | phloridzin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 3 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens | arbutin | |
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