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Literature summary extracted from

  • Simpson, J.P.; Di Leo, R.; Dhanoa, P.K.; Allan, W.L.; Makhmoudova, A.; Clark, S.M.; Hoover, G.J.; Mullen, R.T.; Shelp, B.J.
    Identification and characterization of a plastid-localized Arabidopsis glyoxylate reductase isoform: comparison with a cytosolic isoform and implications for cellular redox homeostasis and aldehyde detoxification (2008), J. Exp. Bot., 59, 2545-2554.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.79 expressed as GFP-fusion protein in tobacco BY-2 cells Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 expressed as His-tag fusion protein in E. coli BL-21(DE3) Rosetta (pLysS), full-length and truncated GR2 sequences introduced into Escherichia coli, only the recombinant truncated GR2 is soluble, expression markedly improved by co-expression of the GroES/GroEL chaperone Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 expressed in Escherichia coli BL-21(DE3) Rosetta (pLysS) cells and in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells Arabidopsis thaliana

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
1.1.1.79 DELTA1-43 in contrast to the full length sequence yields a soluble protein when expressed in Escherichia coli Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 DELTA2-45 localizes in the cytosol instead of plastids Arabidopsis thaliana

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.79 NADP+ competitive Arabidopsis thaliana

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.79 0.0012
-
 NADPH with succinic semialdehyde as substrate, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 0.0012
-
 NADPH recombinant enzyme, using succinic semialdehyde as fixed substrate, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 0.0014
-
 NADPH with glyoxylate as substrate, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 0.0014
-
 NADPH recombinant enzyme, using glyoxylate as fixed substrate, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 0.034
-
 glyoxylate with as NADPH as cofactor, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 0.034
-
 glyoxylate recombinant enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 8.96
-
 Succinic semialdehyde with as NADPH as cofactor, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 8.96
-
 Succinic semialdehyde recombinant enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
1.1.1.79 cytosol
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana 5829
-
1.1.1.79 plastid stroma Arabidopsis thaliana 9536
-
1.1.1.79 plastid glyoxylate reductase 2 is localized within the plastid, presumably in the stroma Arabidopsis thaliana 9536
-

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
1.1.1.79 35900
-
 x * 35900, truncated enzyme from Escherichia coli including His-tag Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 36000
-
 SDS-PAGE Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 36200
-
 calculated from amino acid sequence Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 36287
-
 x * 36287, calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence Arabidopsis thaliana

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate + NADPH + H+ Arabidopsis thaliana detoxification of glyoxylate during stress glycolate + NADP+
-
 ir
1.1.1.79 succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ Arabidopsis thaliana detoxification of succinic semialdehyde during stress 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
 r

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.79 Arabidopsis thaliana F4I907 ecotype Columbia
-
1.1.1.79 Arabidopsis thaliana F4I907 putative uncharacterized protein At1g17650; ecotype Columbia
-
1.1.1.79 Arabidopsis thaliana Q9LSV0 enzyme also displays 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC1.1.1.61) activity but with less efficiency; (L.) Heynh
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.79 nickel affinity column chromatography Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 recombinant truncated protein using His-tag Arabidopsis thaliana

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.1.1.79 leaf
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
-

Storage Stability

EC Number Storage Stability Organism
1.1.1.79 -80°C, concentrated enzyme, can be stored for month Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 -80°C, concentrated protein eluate from the affinity column, for months, enzyme activity is reasonably stable Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 4°C, concentrated protein eluate from the affinity column, for hours, enzyme activity is reasonably stable Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 4°C, diluted enzyme, storage during assays, activity starts to decrease within 30 min Arabidopsis thaliana

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate + NADH NADH much less effective than NADPH Arabidopsis thaliana glycolate + NAD+
-
 ir
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate + NADH + H+ NADH much less effective than NADPH Arabidopsis thaliana glycolate + NAD+
-
 ir
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate + NADPH + H+
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana glycolate + NADP+
-
 ir
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate + NADPH + H+ detoxification of glyoxylate during stress Arabidopsis thaliana glycolate + NADP+
-
 ir
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate + NADPH + H+ glyoxylate reductase 2 has a 350fold higher preference for glyoxylate than for succinic semialdehyde Arabidopsis thaliana glycolate + NADP+
-
 ir
1.1.1.79 additional information glyoxylate reductase 2 is ineffective in catalysing the reverse reaction utilizing either glycolate or 6-phosphogluconate Arabidopsis thaliana ?
-
 ?
1.1.1.79 succinic semialdehyde + NADH + H+ NADH much less effective than NADPH Arabidopsis thaliana 4-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+
-
 ?
1.1.1.79 succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.79 succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ detoxification of succinic semialdehyde during stress Arabidopsis thaliana 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.79 succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ reverse reaction less efficient than forward reaction Arabidopsis thaliana 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.79 succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ glyoxylate reductase 2 has a 350fold higher preference for glyoxylate than for succinic semialdehyde Arabidopsis thaliana 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
 ir

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.1.1.79 ? x * 35900, truncated enzyme from Escherichia coli including His-tag Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 ? x * 36287, calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.1.1.79 AtGR1
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 AtGR2
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate reductase 1
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate reductase 2
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 GR2
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 More enzyme also displays 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC1.1.1.61) activity but with less efficiency Arabidopsis thaliana

Turnover Number [1/s]

EC Number Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.79 10.7
-
 NADPH with succinic semialdehyde as substrate, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 10.7
-
 NADPH recombinant enzyme, using succinic semialdehyde as fixed substrate, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 12
-
 NADPH with glyoxylate as substrate, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 12
-
 NADPH recombinant enzyme, using glyoxylate as fixed substrate, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 17
-
 Succinic semialdehyde with as NADPH as cofactor, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 17
-
 Succinic semialdehyde recombinant enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 22.5
-
 glyoxylate with as NADPH as cofactor, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 22.5
-
 glyoxylate recombinant enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.79 6.8 7.8
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 6.8 7.8 with glyoxylate and NADPH Arabidopsis thaliana

pH Range

EC Number pH Minimum pH Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.79 5.5 9 approximately 10% of activity at pH 5.5 and 9 Arabidopsis thaliana

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.79 NADH much less effective than NADPH Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 NADPH
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.79 NADPH glyoxylate reductase 2 uses either NADPH or NADH as a cofactor, however, much greater activity is found with NADPH Arabidopsis thaliana

pI Value

EC Number Organism Comment pI Value Maximum pI Value
1.1.1.79 Arabidopsis thaliana calculated from amino acid sequence
-
 8.5
1.1.1.79 Arabidopsis thaliana calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence
-
 8.54