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Literature summary extracted from

  • Pisvejcova, A.; Rossi, C.; Husakova, L.; Kren, V.; Riva, S.; Monti, D.
    beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase-catalyzed glycosylation of sugar derivatives: Modulation of the enzyme activity by alpha-lactalbumin, immobilization and solvent tolerance (2006), J. Mol. Catal. B, 39, 98-104.
No PubMed abstract available

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
2.4.1.22 methanol 20% v/v, 17% activation Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 alpha-lactalbumin alters the substrate specificity of EC 2.4.1.38 to EC 2.4.1.90, and leads to complex formation with the enzyme as lactose synthase, EC 2.4.1.22 Bos taurus

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
2.4.1.38 additional information covalent immobilization of the enzyme in the absence of alpha-lactalbumin for use as biocatalyst, method evaluation, overview Bos taurus

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
2.4.1.22 acetone 20% v/v, 69% inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.22 acetonitrile 20% v/v, complete inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.22 Dimethylsulfoxide 20% v/v, 43% inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.22 dioxane 20% v/v, 88% inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.22 ethanol 20% v/v, 4% inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.22 N,N-Dimethylformamide 20% v/v, 90% inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.22 N-methylpyrrolidone 20% v/v, complete inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.22 tetrahydrofuran 20% v/v, complete inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.38 alpha-lactalbumin inhibits the reaction of EC 2.4.1.38 with the complex glucoside colchicoside Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 acetone 20% v/v, 37% inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 acetonitrile 20% v/v, complete inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 alpha-lactalbumin
-
Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 Dimethylsulfoxide 20% v/v, 62% inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 ethanol 20% v/v, 42% inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 N,N-Dimethylformamide 20% v/v, 84% inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 N-methylpyrrolidone 20% v/v, 9% inhibition Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 tetrahydrofuran 20% v/v, complete inhibition Bos taurus

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
2.4.1.38 extracellular
-
Bos taurus
-
-
2.4.1.90 extracellular
-
Bos taurus
-
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
2.4.1.38 Mn2+
-
Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 Mn2+
-
Bos taurus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.4.1.38 UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide Bos taurus
-
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
?
2.4.1.90 UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine Bos taurus
-
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.4.1.22 Bos taurus
-
-
-
2.4.1.38 Bos taurus
-
-
-
2.4.1.90 Bos taurus
-
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.4.1.22 milk
-
Bos taurus
-
2.4.1.38 milk
-
Bos taurus
-
2.4.1.90 milk
-
Bos taurus
-

Storage Stability

EC Number Storage Stability Organism
2.4.1.38 4°C, immobilized, 5 weeks, stable Bos taurus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.4.1.22 UDP-D-galactose + D-glucose lactose synthesis is achieved only in the presence of alpha-lactalbumin. In absence of alpha-lactalbumin the enzyme catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.4.1.90 Bos taurus UDP + lactose
-
?
2.4.1.38 additional information substrate specificity in presence or absence of alpha-lactalbumin, overview, the 'specifier' protein alpha-lactalbumin, which interacts with beta-1,4-GalT forming the lactose synthase complex, EC 2.4.1.2 and changing the substrate specificity to the reaction of EC 2.4.1.90, alpha-lactalbumin is not necessary when the acceptors are different glucopyranosides and, in some cases, it can even have an inhibitory effect, e.g. in reaction with the complex glucosides ginsenoside Rg1 and colchicoside, overview, in absence of alpha-lactalbumin, the enzyme is not active with glucose as acceptor Bos taurus ?
-
?
2.4.1.38 UDP-galactose + colchicoside
-
Bos taurus UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-colchicoside
-
?
2.4.1.38 UDP-galactose + ginsenoside Rg1
-
Bos taurus UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-ginsenoside Rg1
-
?
2.4.1.38 UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
Bos taurus UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
?
2.4.1.38 UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine
-
Bos taurus UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
?
2.4.1.90 additional information substrate specificity in presence or absence of alpha-lactalbumin, overview, the 'specifier' protein alpha-lactalbumin, which interacts with beta-1,4-GalT forming the lactose synthase complex, EC 2.4.1.22, is not necessary when the acceptors are different glucopyranosides, EC 2.4.1.38, and, in some cases, it can even have an inhibitory effect, e.g. in reaction with the complex glucosides ginsenoside Rg1 and colchicoside, overview Bos taurus ?
-
?
2.4.1.90 UDP-galactose + colchicoside
-
Bos taurus ?
-
?
2.4.1.90 UDP-galactose + D-glucose reaction of EC 2.4.1.22 Bos taurus UDP + lactose
-
?
2.4.1.90 UDP-galactose + ginsenoside Rg1
-
Bos taurus ?
-
?
2.4.1.90 UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in presence of alpha-lactalbumin, the enzyme catalyzes reaction of EC 2.4.1.22 Bos taurus UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
?
2.4.1.90 UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine
-
Bos taurus UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
?
2.4.1.90 UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine partial reaction of EC 2.4.1.22 Bos taurus UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
?
2.4.1.90 UDP-glucose + colchicoside
-
Bos taurus ?
-
?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.4.1.38 beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
-
Bos taurus
2.4.1.38 beta-1,4-GalT
-
Bos taurus
2.4.1.38 More cf. EC 2.4.1.90 Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
-
Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 beta-1,4-GalT
-
Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 More cf. EC 2.4.1.38 and 2.4.1.22 Bos taurus

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.4.1.38 30 37 assay at Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 30
-
assay at Bos taurus

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
2.4.1.38 7.4
-
assay at Bos taurus
2.4.1.90 8.4
-
assay at Bos taurus