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Literature summary extracted from

  • Hartley, M.R.; Lord, J.M.
    Cytotoxic ribosome-inactivating lectins from plants (2004), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1701, 1-14.
    View publication on PubMed

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
3.2.2.22 0.0026
-
 28S rRNA within the native ribosome
-
 Ricinus communis
3.2.2.22 0.0058
-
 naked 28S rRNA
-
 Ricinus communis

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
3.2.2.22 extracellular the toxin is secreted Escherichia coli
-
-
3.2.2.22 extracellular the toxin is secreted Shigella dysenteriae
-
-
3.2.2.22 vacuole protein storage vacuole Ricinus communis 5773
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
3.2.2.22 Mg2+ activates Ricinus communis
3.2.2.22 NH4+ activates Ricinus communis

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
3.2.2.22 additional information Sambucus nigra isozyme SNAV, i.e. nigrin b, binds specifically to terminal GalNAc or to a lesser extent to Gal, while isozymes SNAI and SNAIf bind preferably to terminal N-acetylneuramic acid of the target cell surface receptor ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information Ricinus communis ricin biosynthesis, overview, ricin acts also on the endogenous ribosomes and is thus localized in vacuoles in seeds, the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal and GalNAc of target cell surface components, target cells are mammalian cells, the toxin enters by binding to the target cell surface followed by endocytosis and retrograde transport via the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum where the active part is set free and membrane translocated to the cytosol dependent on several factors, in the cytosol the toxin attacks the rRNA via interaction with the sarcin-ricin domain of the large ribosome, inhibiting the ribosomes, and leading to apoptosis, different mechanism of endocytosis are possible, detailed overview ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information Viscum album the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal and GalNAc of the target cell surface receptor ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information Momordica charantia the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal and GalNAc of the target cell surface receptor, preferring Gal ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information Abrus precatorius the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal and/or GalNAc of the target cell surface receptor ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information Adenia volkensii the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal of the target cell surface receptor ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information Sambucus ebulus the enzyme binds specifically to terminal N-acetylneuramic acid of the target cell surface receptor ?
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
3.2.2.22 Abrus precatorius
-
-
-
3.2.2.22 Adenia volkensii
-
-
-
3.2.2.22 Cucurbita pepo
-
-
-
3.2.2.22 Dianthus caryophyllus
-
-
-
3.2.2.22 Escherichia coli
-
-
-
3.2.2.22 Mirabilis jalapa
-
-
-
3.2.2.22 Momordica charantia
-
-
-
3.2.2.22 Phytolacca americana
-
 pokeweed
-
3.2.2.22 Ricinus communis P02879
-
-
3.2.2.22 Sambucus ebulus
-
-
-
3.2.2.22 Sambucus nigra
-
-
-
3.2.2.22 Saponaria officinalis
-
 saporins L1 and L2, saporins R1-R3, and saporins S5-S7
-
3.2.2.22 Shigella dysenteriae
-
-
-
3.2.2.22 Trichosanthes kirilowii
-
-
-
3.2.2.22 Triticum aestivum
-
-
-
3.2.2.22 Viscum album
-
-
-

Posttranslational Modification

EC Number Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
3.2.2.22 glycoprotein
-
 Ricinus communis
3.2.2.22 proteolytic modification cleavage of the single precursor protein into subunit A and B Ricinus communis

Reaction

EC Number Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
3.2.2.22 A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine catalytic mechanism Ricinus communis
a

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
3.2.2.22 bark
-
 Sambucus ebulus
-
3.2.2.22 bark isozymes SNAI and SNAV Sambucus nigra
-
3.2.2.22 endosperm accumulation in protein storage vacuoles Ricinus communis
-
3.2.2.22 fruit
-
 Cucurbita pepo
-
3.2.2.22 fruit isozyme SNAIf Sambucus nigra
-
3.2.2.22 leaf
-
 Viscum album
-
3.2.2.22 leaf
-
 Sambucus ebulus
-
3.2.2.22 leaf dianthin 30 and dianthin 32 Dianthus caryophyllus
-
3.2.2.22 leaf PAP in spring leaf, PAP-II in summer leaf Phytolacca americana
-
3.2.2.22 leaf saporins L1 and L2 Saponaria officinalis
-
3.2.2.22 leaf tritin-L Triticum aestivum
-
3.2.2.22 root
-
 Mirabilis jalapa
-
3.2.2.22 root
-
 Trichosanthes kirilowii
-
3.2.2.22 root
-
 Adenia volkensii
-
3.2.2.22 root saporins R1-R3 Saponaria officinalis
-
3.2.2.22 seed
-
 Abrus precatorius
-
3.2.2.22 seed
-
 Momordica charantia
-
3.2.2.22 seed accumulation in protein storage vacuoles Ricinus communis
-
3.2.2.22 seed PAP-S Phytolacca americana
-
3.2.2.22 seed saporins S5-S7 Saponaria officinalis
-
3.2.2.22 seed tritin-S Triticum aestivum
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
3.2.2.22 23S rRNA + H2O substrate is from Escherichia coli ribosomes, the naked 23S rRNA is a good substrate, while the intact native ribosome ins no substrate Ricinus communis ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 28S rRNA + H2O substrate is from rat liver ribosomes, depurination of A4324 of rat 28S rRNA, generation of an R-fragment from 28S RNA, the enzyme prefers the native ribosome to the naked 28S rRNA, the toxin recognizes the sarcin-ricin domain, structure overview Ricinus communis ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 28S rRNA within the native ribosome + H2O
-
 Ricinus communis ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 DNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Escherichia coli ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 DNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Shigella dysenteriae ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 DNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Abrus precatorius ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 DNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Momordica charantia ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 DNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Sambucus nigra ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 DNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Viscum album ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 DNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Adenia volkensii ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 DNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Sambucus ebulus ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 DNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Ricinus communis ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information isozyme SNAV, i.e. nigrin b, binds specifically to terminal GalNAc or to a lesser extent to Gal, while isozymes SNAI and SNAIf bind preferably to terminal N-acetylneuramic acid of the target cell surface receptor Sambucus nigra ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information ricin biosynthesis, overview, ricin acts also on the endogenous ribosomes and is thus localized in vacuoles in seeds, the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal and GalNAc of target cell surface components, target cells are mammalian cells, the toxin enters by binding to the target cell surface followed by endocytosis and retrograde transport via the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum where the active part is set free and membrane translocated to the cytosol dependent on several factors, in the cytosol the toxin attacks the rRNA via interaction with the sarcin-ricin domain of the large ribosome, inhibiting the ribosomes, and leading to apoptosis, different mechanism of endocytosis are possible, detailed overview Ricinus communis ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal and GalNAc of the target cell surface receptor Viscum album ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal and GalNAc of the target cell surface receptor, preferring Gal Momordica charantia ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal and/or GalNAc of the target cell surface receptor Abrus precatorius ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information the enzyme binds specifically to terminal Gal of the target cell surface receptor Adenia volkensii ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information the enzyme binds specifically to terminal N-acetylneuramic acid of the target cell surface receptor Sambucus ebulus ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information reduced ricin holotoxin shows no depurination activity with viral ribosomes from TMV, AMCV, or MS 2 Ricinus communis ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity Triticum aestivum ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity Cucurbita pepo ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity Dianthus caryophyllus ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity Phytolacca americana ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity Mirabilis jalapa ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity Trichosanthes kirilowii ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity Sambucus ebulus ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 additional information the enzyme shows polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase, PAGase, activity and catalyzes the fragmentation of genomic DNA from human lymphoma cells, saporin-S6 shows no depurination activity with viral ribosomes from TMV, AMCV, or MS 2 Saponaria officinalis ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 naked 28S rRNA + H2O
-
 Ricinus communis ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 naked rRNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Escherichia coli ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 naked rRNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Shigella dysenteriae ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 naked rRNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Abrus precatorius ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 naked rRNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Momordica charantia ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 naked rRNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Sambucus nigra ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 naked rRNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Viscum album ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 naked rRNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Adenia volkensii ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 naked rRNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Sambucus ebulus ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 naked rRNA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Ricinus communis ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 polyA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Escherichia coli ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 polyA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Shigella dysenteriae ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 polyA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Abrus precatorius ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 polyA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Momordica charantia ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 polyA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Sambucus nigra ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 polyA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Viscum album ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 polyA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Adenia volkensii ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 polyA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Sambucus ebulus ?
-
 ?
3.2.2.22 polyA + H2O primarily DNA substrate, polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Ricinus communis ?
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
3.2.2.22 dimer heterodimer, subunits A and B, RTA and RTB, are derived from a single precursor protein, structure comparison and analysis Ricinus communis
3.2.2.22 More structure comparison and analysis Escherichia coli
3.2.2.22 More structure comparison and analysis Shigella dysenteriae
3.2.2.22 More structure comparison and analysis Abrus precatorius
3.2.2.22 More structure comparison and analysis Momordica charantia
3.2.2.22 More structure comparison and analysis Sambucus nigra
3.2.2.22 More structure comparison and analysis Viscum album
3.2.2.22 More structure comparison and analysis Adenia volkensii
3.2.2.22 More structure comparison and analysis Sambucus ebulus

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
3.2.2.22 abrin
-
 Abrus precatorius
3.2.2.22 Abrus precatorius agglutinin
-
 Abrus precatorius
3.2.2.22 cytotoxic ribosome-inactivating lectin
-
 Abrus precatorius
3.2.2.22 cytotoxic ribosome-inactivating lectin
-
 Momordica charantia
3.2.2.22 cytotoxic ribosome-inactivating lectin
-
 Sambucus nigra
3.2.2.22 cytotoxic ribosome-inactivating lectin
-
 Viscum album
3.2.2.22 cytotoxic ribosome-inactivating lectin
-
 Adenia volkensii
3.2.2.22 cytotoxic ribosome-inactivating lectin
-
 Sambucus ebulus
3.2.2.22 cytotoxic ribosome-inactivating lectin
-
 Ricinus communis
3.2.2.22 dianthin 30
-
 Dianthus caryophyllus
3.2.2.22 dianthin 32
-
 Dianthus caryophyllus
3.2.2.22 ebulin b
-
 Sambucus ebulus
3.2.2.22 ebulitin alpha
-
 Sambucus ebulus
3.2.2.22 ebulitin beta
-
 Sambucus ebulus
3.2.2.22 ebulitin gamma
-
 Sambucus ebulus
3.2.2.22 MAP
-
 Mirabilis jalapa
3.2.2.22 momordin
-
 Momordica charantia
3.2.2.22 nigrin b
-
 Sambucus nigra
3.2.2.22 PAGase
-
 Triticum aestivum
3.2.2.22 PAGase
-
 Phytolacca americana
3.2.2.22 PAP
-
 Phytolacca americana
3.2.2.22 PAP-II
-
 Phytolacca americana
3.2.2.22 PAP-S
-
 Phytolacca americana
3.2.2.22 pepocin
-
 Cucurbita pepo
3.2.2.22 PGase
-
 Escherichia coli
3.2.2.22 PGase
-
 Shigella dysenteriae
3.2.2.22 PGase
-
 Abrus precatorius
3.2.2.22 PGase
-
 Momordica charantia
3.2.2.22 PGase
-
 Sambucus nigra
3.2.2.22 PGase
-
 Viscum album
3.2.2.22 PGase
-
 Adenia volkensii
3.2.2.22 PGase
-
 Sambucus ebulus
3.2.2.22 PGase
-
 Ricinus communis
3.2.2.22 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase
-
 Escherichia coli
3.2.2.22 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase
-
 Triticum aestivum
3.2.2.22 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase
-
 Shigella dysenteriae
3.2.2.22 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase
-
 Phytolacca americana
3.2.2.22 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase
-
 Abrus precatorius
3.2.2.22 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase
-
 Momordica charantia
3.2.2.22 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase
-
 Sambucus nigra
3.2.2.22 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase
-
 Viscum album
3.2.2.22 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase
-
 Adenia volkensii
3.2.2.22 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase
-
 Sambucus ebulus
3.2.2.22 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase
-
 Ricinus communis
3.2.2.22 ricin
-
 Ricinus communis
3.2.2.22 Ricinus communis agglutinin
-
 Ricinus communis
3.2.2.22 saporin
-
 Saponaria officinalis
3.2.2.22 saporin-S6
-
 Saponaria officinalis
3.2.2.22 Shiga toxin
-
 Shigella dysenteriae
3.2.2.22 shiga-like toxin
-
 Escherichia coli
3.2.2.22 SnaI
-
 Sambucus nigra
3.2.2.22 SNAIf
-
 Sambucus nigra
3.2.2.22 SNAV
-
 Sambucus nigra
3.2.2.22 trichosnathin
-
 Trichosanthes kirilowii
3.2.2.22 tritin-L
-
 Triticum aestivum
3.2.2.22 tritin-S
-
 Triticum aestivum
3.2.2.22 type I ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Triticum aestivum
3.2.2.22 type I ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Cucurbita pepo
3.2.2.22 type I ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Dianthus caryophyllus
3.2.2.22 type I ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Saponaria officinalis
3.2.2.22 type I ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Phytolacca americana
3.2.2.22 type I ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Mirabilis jalapa
3.2.2.22 type I ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Trichosanthes kirilowii
3.2.2.22 type I ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Sambucus ebulus
3.2.2.22 type I RIP
-
 Triticum aestivum
3.2.2.22 type I RIP
-
 Cucurbita pepo
3.2.2.22 type I RIP
-
 Dianthus caryophyllus
3.2.2.22 type I RIP
-
 Saponaria officinalis
3.2.2.22 type I RIP
-
 Phytolacca americana
3.2.2.22 type I RIP
-
 Mirabilis jalapa
3.2.2.22 type I RIP
-
 Trichosanthes kirilowii
3.2.2.22 type I RIP
-
 Sambucus ebulus
3.2.2.22 type II ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Escherichia coli
3.2.2.22 type II ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Shigella dysenteriae
3.2.2.22 type II ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Abrus precatorius
3.2.2.22 type II ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Momordica charantia
3.2.2.22 type II ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Sambucus nigra
3.2.2.22 type II ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Viscum album
3.2.2.22 type II ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Adenia volkensii
3.2.2.22 type II ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Sambucus ebulus
3.2.2.22 type II ribosome-inactivating protein
-
 Ricinus communis
3.2.2.22 viscumin
-
 Viscum album
3.2.2.22 volkensin
-
 Adenia volkensii

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
3.2.2.22 4
-
 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase Saponaria officinalis
3.2.2.22 4
-
 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase Phytolacca americana
3.2.2.22 4
-
 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity Ricinus communis
3.2.2.22 7.8
-
 type II ribosome-inactivating protein Ricinus communis