EC Number | Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.11.15 | arrestins | arrestins modulate the enzyme activity having a regulatory role, regulation of arrestins, overview | Mus musculus | |
2.7.11.15 | G protein | binding of Gbeta/gamma dimers, activation is required for translocation from cytosol to plasma membrane | Mus musculus | |
2.7.11.16 | arrestins | arrestins modulate the enzyme activity having a regulatory role, regulation of arrestins, overview | Mus musculus | |
2.7.11.16 | additional information | autophosphorylation of GRK5 is stimulated by phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate | Mus musculus |
EC Number | Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
2.7.11.15 | additional information | phenotypes of several GRK and arrestin knockout mice mutants and of transgenic mice overexpressing GRK2 or GRK3, overview | Mus musculus |
2.7.11.16 | additional information | phenotypes of several GRK and arrestin knockout mice mutants and of transgenic mice overexpressing GRK4 or GRK5, overview | Mus musculus |
EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.11.15 | Ca2+/calmodulin | inhibit GRK2 with an IC50 of about 0.002 mM, inhibition mechanism via direct binding | Mus musculus | |
2.7.11.15 | additional information | isolated pleckstrin homology domains of GRK2 and GRK3 can act as enzyme inhibitors preventing interaction of the enzymes with the G protein subunits | Mus musculus | |
2.7.11.16 | Ca2+/calmodulin | inhibit GRK5 with an IC50 of 40-50 nM, inhibition mechanism via inducing inhibitory autophosphorylation and blocking of membrane association | Mus musculus |
EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.11.15 | cytosol | - |
Mus musculus | 5829 | - |
2.7.11.15 | plasma membrane | transient recruitment of GRK2 and GRK3 after GPCR activation, the enzymes bind via pleckstrin homology domains to phosphoinositol-4,5-bisphosphate in the plasma membrane | Mus musculus | 5886 | - |
2.7.11.16 | plasma membrane | constitutive association, location of GRK4-6 near the activated receptors, covalent attachment by fatty acids to the C-terminus, e.g. palmitoylated GRK4 and GRK6, or by electrostatic interactions with phospholipids, e.g. for GRK5 | Mus musculus | 5886 | - |
EC Number | Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.11.15 | Mg2+ | - |
Mus musculus | |
2.7.11.16 | Mg2+ | - |
Mus musculus |
EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.11.15 | ATP + beta-adrenergic receptor | Mus musculus | desensitization of the receptor by GRK2 and GRK3 | ADP + phosphorylated beta-adrenergic receptor | - |
? | |
2.7.11.15 | ATP + G protein-coupled receptor | Mus musculus | phosphorylation has a regulatory role, regulation of the signal transduction involving GRK2 and beta-arrestin, overview | ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor | - |
? | |
2.7.11.15 | additional information | Mus musculus | G protein-coupled receptors are involved in the regulation of diverse physiological processes, mechanisms of G protein-coupled receptor desensitization, e.g. by phosphorylation or feedback inhibition, overview | ? | - |
? | |
2.7.11.16 | ATP + beta-adrenergic receptor | Mus musculus | desensitization of the receptor by GRK4, GRK5, and GRK6 | ADP + phosphorylated beta-adrenergic receptor | - |
? | |
2.7.11.16 | ATP + G protein-coupled receptor | Mus musculus | phosphorylation has a regulatory role | ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor | - |
? | |
2.7.11.16 | additional information | Mus musculus | G protein-coupled receptors are involved in the regulation of diverse physiological processes, mechanisms of G protein-coupled receptor desensitization, e.g. by phosphorylation or feedback inhibition, overview | ? | - |
? |
EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.11.15 | Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
2.7.11.16 | Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
EC Number | Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
2.7.11.15 | additional information | GRK2 is ubiquinated after being tyrosine phosphorylated leading to its proteolytic degradation via the ubiquitine/proteasome pathway, regulation overview | Mus musculus |
2.7.11.15 | phosphoprotein | regulation of GRKs by other kinases, such as PKA, PKC, ERK1 and ERK2, e.g. GRK2 is phosphorylated at Ser670 by ERK1 or ERK2, phosphorylation of the beta-adrenergic receptor-activated GRK2 by c-SRC at tyrosine residues mediated by binding of beta-arrestin, which rapidly activates the GPCR phosphorylation activity of GRK2 and its degradation via the ubiquitine/proteosome pathway, overview | Mus musculus |
2.7.11.16 | lipoprotein | GRK4-6 are permanently modulated by fatty acids and/or phospholipids | Mus musculus |
2.7.11.16 | phosphoprotein | regulation of GRK5 by phosphorylation through PKC, GRK5 is activated by autophosphorylation, autophosphorylation is stimulated by phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, overview | Mus musculus |
EC Number | Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|---|
2.7.11.16 | GRK2 by gel filtration from Sf9 cells | Mus musculus |
EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.11.15 | ATP + beta-adrenergic receptor | desensitization of the receptor by GRK2 and GRK3 | Mus musculus | ADP + phosphorylated beta-adrenergic receptor | - |
? | |
2.7.11.15 | ATP + G protein-coupled receptor | phosphorylation has a regulatory role, regulation of the signal transduction involving GRK2 and beta-arrestin, overview | Mus musculus | ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor | - |
? | |
2.7.11.15 | ATP + G protein-coupled receptor | the GPCRs possess multiple phosphorylation sites for serine/threonine kinases | Mus musculus | ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor | - |
? | |
2.7.11.15 | additional information | G protein-coupled receptors are involved in the regulation of diverse physiological processes, mechanisms of G protein-coupled receptor desensitization, e.g. by phosphorylation or feedback inhibition, overview | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
2.7.11.15 | additional information | the GRKs are specific for GPCRs and arrestins, overview | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
2.7.11.16 | ATP + beta-adrenergic receptor | desensitization of the receptor by GRK4, GRK5, and GRK6 | Mus musculus | ADP + phosphorylated beta-adrenergic receptor | - |
? | |
2.7.11.16 | ATP + G protein-coupled receptor | phosphorylation has a regulatory role | Mus musculus | ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor | - |
? | |
2.7.11.16 | ATP + G protein-coupled receptor | the GPCRs possess multiple phosphorylation sites for serine/threonine kinases | Mus musculus | ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor | - |
? | |
2.7.11.16 | additional information | G protein-coupled receptors are involved in the regulation of diverse physiological processes, mechanisms of G protein-coupled receptor desensitization, e.g. by phosphorylation or feedback inhibition, overview | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
2.7.11.16 | additional information | the GRKs are specific for GPCRs and arrestins, overview | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? |
EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
2.7.11.15 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 | - |
Mus musculus |
2.7.11.15 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 | - |
Mus musculus |
2.7.11.15 | GRK2 | - |
Mus musculus |
2.7.11.15 | GRK3 | - |
Mus musculus |
2.7.11.16 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 | - |
Mus musculus |
2.7.11.16 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 | - |
Mus musculus |
2.7.11.16 | GRK4 | - |
Mus musculus |
2.7.11.16 | GRK5 | - |
Mus musculus |
EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.11.15 | ATP | - |
Mus musculus | |
2.7.11.16 | ATP | - |
Mus musculus |
EC Number | IC50 Value | IC50 Value Maximum | Comment | Organism | Inhibitor | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.11.15 | 0.002 | - |
inhibit GRK2 with an IC50 of about 0.002 mM, inhibition mechanism via direct binding | Mus musculus | Ca2+/calmodulin | |
2.7.11.16 | 0.00004 | 0.00005 | inhibit GRK5 with an IC50 of 40-50 nM, inhibition mechanism via inducing inhibitory autophosphorylation and blocking of membrane association | Mus musculus | Ca2+/calmodulin |