Literature summary extracted from

Galvez, A.S.; Ulloa, J.A.; Chiong, M.; Criollo, A.; Eisner, V.; Barros, L.F.; Lavandero, S.
Aldose reductase induced by hyperosmotic stress mediates cardiomyocyte apoptosis: differential effects of sorbitol and mannitol (2003), J. Biol. Chem., 278, 38484-38494.

Activating Compound

EC Number	Activating Compound	Comment	Organism	Structure
1.1.1.21	sorbitol	600 mosmol per kg H2O, up to 2fold increase in activity	Rattus norvegicus
1.1.1.21	SP-600125	0.01 mM, about 50% increase of sorbitol-induced activity	Rattus norvegicus

Application

EC Number	Application	Comment	Organism
1.1.1.21	medicine	inhibition of enzyme by zolrestat attenuates apoptosis in sorbitol-treated cells. Hyperosmolarity-induced cell death requires induction of enzyme as well as a decrease in intracellular glutathione levels	Rattus norvegicus

Inhibitors

EC Number	Inhibitors	Comment	Organism	Structure
1.1.1.21	Ly-294002	0.05 mM, little decrease in sorbitol-induced activity	Rattus norvegicus
1.1.1.21	PD-98059	0.05 mM, decrease of sorbitol-induced activity to control level	Rattus norvegicus
1.1.1.21	SB-203580	0 0.01 mM, decrease of sorbitol-induced activity below control level	Rattus norvegicus
1.1.1.21	zopolrestat	-	Rattus norvegicus

Organism

EC Number	Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
1.1.1.21	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	-

Source Tissue

EC Number	Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
1.1.1.21	heart	cultured cardiomyocyte	Rattus norvegicus	-

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)