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Literature summary extracted from
- Nitrile hydratase and its application to industrial production of acrylamide (1996), Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 60, 1391-1400.
Activating Compound
| EC Number | Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | crotonamide | induces high and low molecular mass forms of the enzyme | Rhodococcus rhodochrous |  |
| 4.2.1.84 | cyclohexanecarboxamide | induces the low molecular mass form of the enzyme | Rhodococcus rhodochrous | |
| 4.2.1.84 | light | the enzyme activity is increased by exposure to near ultra-violet light | Rhodococcus sp. | |
| 4.2.1.84 | Urea | induces the high molecular mass form of the enzyme | Rhodococcus rhodochrous | |
Cloned(Commentary)
| EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | - |
Albifimbria verrucaria |
| 4.2.1.84 | expression in Escherichia coli | Rhodococcus sp. |
| 4.2.1.84 | high molecular mass-NHase and low molecular mass-NHase genes cloned into Escherichia coli | Rhodococcus rhodochrous |
General Stability
| EC Number | General Stability | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | unstable when diluted, but completely stabilized with low-molecular organic acids such as n-butyric acid, n-valeric acid, propionic acid and acetic acid | Pseudomonas chlororaphis |
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | additional information | high concentrations of acrylonitrile inhibit the enzyme activity | Pseudomonas chlororaphis |
KM Value [mM]
| EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | 0.001 | - |
phenylacetonitrile | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | |
| 4.2.1.84 | 0.0079 | - |
indole-3-acetonitrile | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | |
| 4.2.1.84 | 1.89 | - |
acrylonitrile | - |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous | |
Metals/Ions
| EC Number | Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | Co2+ | - |
Rhodococcus sp. | |
| 4.2.1.84 | Co2+ | cannot replace ferrous or ferric ions | Pseudomonas chlororaphis | |
| 4.2.1.84 | Co2+ | induces the enzyme activity | Rhodococcus rhodochrous | |
| 4.2.1.84 | Co2+ | indispensable for high enzyme activity | Rhodococcus rhodochrous | |
| 4.2.1.84 | Fe2+ | - |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous | |
| 4.2.1.84 | Fe2+ | ferrous or ferric ions greatly increase the enzyme activity | Pseudomonas chlororaphis | |
| 4.2.1.84 | Fe2+ | non-heme iron enzyme with a typical low-spin Fe(III)-active center | Rhodococcus sp. | |
| 4.2.1.84 | Fe2+ | non-heme iron enzyme with a typical low-spin Fe(III)-active center | Pseudomonas chlororaphis | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| EC Number | Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | 27700 | - |
2 * 27700 | Albifimbria verrucaria |
| 4.2.1.84 | 130000 | - |
gel filtration, low molecular mass enzyme, L-NHase | Rhodococcus rhodochrous |
| 4.2.1.84 | 520000 | - |
high molecular mass enzyme, H-NHase | Rhodococcus rhodochrous |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | indole-3-acetonitrile + H2O | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | - |
(indole-3-yl)acetamide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | phenylacetonitrile + 2 H2O | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | - |
phenylacetic acid + NH3 | - |
? | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | - |
- |
- |
| 4.2.1.84 | Albifimbria verrucaria | - |
- |
- |
| 4.2.1.84 | Arthrobacter sp. | - |
- |
- |
| 4.2.1.84 | Pseudomonas chlororaphis | - |
- |
- |
| 4.2.1.84 | Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 | - |
- |
- |
| 4.2.1.84 | Rhodococcus rhodochrous | - |
- |
- |
| 4.2.1.84 | Rhodococcus rhodochrous | - |
J1 | - |
| 4.2.1.84 | Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 | - |
- |
- |
| 4.2.1.84 | Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 | - |
J1 | - |
| 4.2.1.84 | Rhodococcus sp. | - |
- |
- |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| EC Number | Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | additional information | - |
- |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous |
| 4.2.1.84 | additional information | - |
- |
Rhodococcus sp. |
| 4.2.1.84 | additional information | - |
141 U/mg of dry cells, Am 324 mutant strain | Pseudomonas chlororaphis |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | 3-cyanopyridine + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus sp. | pyridine-3-carbamide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | 3-cyanopyridine + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous | pyridine-3-carbamide | i.e. nicotinamide | ? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | acetonitrile + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous | acetamide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | acetonitrile + H2O | - |
Arthrobacter sp. | acetamide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | acetonitrile + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus sp. | acetamide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | acetonitrile + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 | acetamide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | acrylonitrile + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous | 2-propenoic acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | acrylonitrile + H2O | - |
Arthrobacter sp. | 2-propenoic acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | acrylonitrile + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus sp. | 2-propenoic acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | acrylonitrile + H2O | - |
Pseudomonas chlororaphis | 2-propenoic acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | acrylonitrile + H2O | - |
Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 | 2-propenoic acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | acrylonitrile + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 | 2-propenoic acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | acrylonitrile + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous | acrylamide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | cyanamide + H2O | - |
Albifimbria verrucaria | urea | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | hydroxyacetonitrile + H2O | - |
Arthrobacter sp. | hydroxyacetamide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | indole-3-acetonitrile + H2O | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | (indole-3-yl)acetamide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | methacrylamide + H2O | causes the greatest induction of activity | Pseudomonas chlororaphis | ? | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | methacrylamide + H2O | causes the greatest induction of activity | Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 | ? | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | additional information | - |
Pseudomonas chlororaphis | ? | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | additional information | the enzyme acts on low-molecular aliphatic nitriles with 2-5 carbons but not on aliphatic nitriles with more than 6 carbons | Arthrobacter sp. | ? | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | additional information | H-NHase acts preferentially on aliphatic nitriles, while L-NHase has a higher affinity for aromatic nitriles | Rhodococcus rhodochrous | ? | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | additional information | - |
Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 | ? | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | additional information | H-NHase acts preferentially on aliphatic nitriles, while L-NHase has a higher affinity for aromatic nitriles | Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 | ? | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | n-butyronitrile + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous | n-butyric acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | n-butyronitrile + H2O | - |
Arthrobacter sp. | n-butyric acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | n-butyronitrile + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus sp. | n-butyric acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | n-butyronitrile + H2O | - |
Pseudomonas chlororaphis | n-butyric acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | n-butyronitrile + H2O | - |
Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 | n-butyric acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | n-butyronitrile + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 | n-butyric acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | phenylacetonitrile + 2 H2O | - |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | phenylacetic acid + NH3 | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | propionitrile + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous | propionic acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | propionitrile + H2O | - |
Arthrobacter sp. | propionic acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | propionitrile + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus sp. | propionic acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | propionitrile + H2O | - |
Pseudomonas chlororaphis | propionic acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | propionitrile + H2O | - |
Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 | propionic acid amide | - |
? | |
| 4.2.1.84 | propionitrile + H2O | - |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 | propionic acid amide | - |
? | |
Subunits
| EC Number | Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | dimer | - |
Rhodococcus sp. |
| 4.2.1.84 | dimer | 2 * 27700 | Albifimbria verrucaria |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | 5 | - |
- |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous |
Temperature Stability [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | additional information | - |
the enzyme is heat-stable | Rhodococcus rhodochrous |
pH Optimum
| EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | 7 | - |
- |
Rhodococcus rhodochrous |
Cofactor
| EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.84 | pyrroloquinoline quinone | - |
Pseudomonas chlororaphis | |
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