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Literature summary extracted from

  • Sato, T.; Nakayama, T.; Kikuchi, S.; Fukui, Y.; Yonekura-Sakakibara, K.; Ueda, T.; Nishino, T.; Tanaka, Y.; Kusumi, T.
    Enzymatic formation of aurones in the extracts of yellow snapdragon flowers (2001), Plant Sci., 160, 229-236.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
1.21.3.6 H2O2 absolutely required Antirrhinum majus
1.21.3.6 H2O2 activates oxidation of 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone Antirrhinum majus
1.21.3.6 H2O2 optimal at 5 mM Antirrhinum majus

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.21.3.6 H2O2 inhibits oxidation of 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone Antirrhinum majus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.21.3.6 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone + 1/2 O2 Antirrhinum majus
-
 aureusidin + bracteatin + H2O
-
 ir
1.21.3.6 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone + O2 Antirrhinum majus key intermediate in the general flonoid metabolism aureusidin + H2O
-
 ir
1.21.3.6 additional information Antirrhinum majus enzyme plays a key role in the yellow coloration of flowers, enzyme is a homologue of plant polyphenol oxidase ?
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.21.3.6 Antirrhinum majus
-
 snapdragon
-
1.21.3.6 Antirrhinum majus
-
 cv. Yellow Butterfly
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.21.3.6 to homogeneity Antirrhinum majus

Reaction

EC Number Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
1.21.3.6 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1/2 O2 = aureusidin 6-O-beta-D-glucoside + H2O mechanism Antirrhinum majus
a
1.21.3.6 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside + O2 = aureusidin 6-O-beta-D-glucoside + H2O mechanism Antirrhinum majus
a

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.21.3.6 flower
-
 Antirrhinum majus
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.21.3.6 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone + 1/2 O2
-
 Antirrhinum majus aureusidin + bracteatin + H2O
-
 ir
1.21.3.6 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone + O2 best substrate Antirrhinum majus aureusidin + bracteatin + H2O products are formed in a 6:1 ratio ir
1.21.3.6 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone + O2 2-6fold higher activity than with 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone Antirrhinum majus aureusidin + bracteatin + H2O products are formed in a 6:1 ratio ir
1.21.3.6 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone 4'-beta-D-glucopyranoside + O2
-
 Antirrhinum majus aureusidin 6-beta-D-glucopyranoside + bracteatin 6-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O products provide the yellow colour of flowers ir
1.21.3.6 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone + O2 no formation of 2-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)coumaranone intermediate Antirrhinum majus aureusidin + H2O
-
 ir
1.21.3.6 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone + O2 key intermediate in the general flonoid metabolism Antirrhinum majus aureusidin + H2O
-
 ir
1.21.3.6 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone 4'-beta-D-glucopyranoside + O2
-
 Antirrhinum majus aureusidin 6-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
-
 ir
1.21.3.6 additional information enzyme plays a key role in the yellow coloration of flowers, enzyme is a homologue of plant polyphenol oxidase Antirrhinum majus ?
-
 ?

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.21.3.6 30
-
 assay at Antirrhinum majus

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.21.3.6 additional information
-
 at pH values above pH 7.0, 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone undergoes a very rapid isomerization to the inactive naringenin Antirrhinum majus
1.21.3.6 5.4
-
 3-hydroxylation and cyclization of 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone Antirrhinum majus