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Literature summary extracted from

  • Warren, M.J.; Raux, E.; Schubert, H.L.; Escalante-Semerena, J.C.
    The biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin (vitamin B12) (2002), Nat. Prod. Rep., 19, 390-412.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
3.1.3.73 computer analysis of the cobC and cobD sequences predicts the regulatory regions of these genes to be embedded in the neighbor's coding sequence with only one base pair separating the cobD and cobC coding sequences, the cobC gene is divergently transcribed from the cobD gene Salmonella enterica

Crystallization (Commentary)

EC Number Crystallization (Comment) Organism
2.7.1.156
-
 Salmonella enterica
2.7.7.62
-
 Salmonella enterica

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
2.7.1.156 20000
-
 amino acid sequence, small polypeptide with 180 amino acids Salmonella enterica
2.7.7.62 20000
-
 amino acid sequence, small polypeptide with 180 amino acids Salmonella enterica
6.3.5.10 57000
-
 2 * 57000 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.3.1.76 precorrin-2 + NAD+ Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
 sirohydrochlorin + NADH + H+
-
 ?
2.1.1.152 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-5 + H2O Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) the enzyme is involved in cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic or late cobalt insertion pathway S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-6A + acetate
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide Escherichia coli cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide Priestia megaterium cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide Propionibacterium freudenreichii cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide Salmonella enterica cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12, uses GTP to guanylate itself, then transfers this GMP group to AdoCbi-P to yield AdoCbi-GDP, the final product of the reaction, CobU enzyme in vivo is always guanylated, guanylation is necessary for both kinase and guanyltransferase activity adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 GTP + adenosylcobinamide Escherichia coli
-
 adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 GTP + adenosylcobinamide Priestia megaterium
-
 adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 GTP + adenosylcobinamide Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)
-
 adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 GTP + adenosylcobinamide Salmonella enterica
-
 adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 GTP + adenosylcobinamide Propionibacterium freudenreichii
-
 adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate Escherichia coli cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate Priestia megaterium cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate Propionibacterium freudenreichii cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate Salmonella enterica cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12, uses GTP to guanylate itself, then transfers this GMP group to AdoCbi-P to yield AdoCbi-GDP, the final product of the reaction diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus DELTAH cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
3.1.3.73 alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate + H2O Salmonella enterica
-
 alpha -ribazole + phosphate
-
 ?
6.3.1.10 additional information Salmonella enterica CbiB is involved in the anaerobic cobalamin/cobinamide biosynthesis pathway ?
-
 ?
6.3.5.10 ATP + adenosylcobyrinic acid a,c-diamide + L-glutamine + H2O Salmonella enterica CbiP is involved in the biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin, i.e. vitamin B12, anaerobic pathway ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobyric acid + L-glutamate
-
 ?
6.3.5.10 ATP + adenosylcobyrinic acid a,c-diamide + L-glutamine + H2O Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) CobQ is involved in the biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin, i.e. vitamin B12, aerobic pathway ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobyric acid + L-glutamate
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.3.1.76 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
-
2.1.1.152 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)
-
-
-
2.7.1.156 Escherichia coli
-
-
-
2.7.1.156 no activity in archaebacteria
-
-
-
2.7.1.156 no activity in eukaryota
-
-
-
2.7.1.156 Priestia megaterium
-
-
-
2.7.1.156 Propionibacterium freudenreichii
-
 formerly Propionibacterium shermanii
-
2.7.1.156 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)
-
-
-
2.7.1.156 Salmonella enterica
-
 serovar typhimurium
-
2.7.7.62 Escherichia coli
-
-
-
2.7.7.62 Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus
-
-
-
2.7.7.62 Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus DELTAH
-
-
-
2.7.7.62 Priestia megaterium
-
-
-
2.7.7.62 Propionibacterium freudenreichii
-
 formerly Propionibacterium shermanii
-
2.7.7.62 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)
-
-
-
2.7.7.62 Salmonella enterica
-
 serovar typhimurium
-
3.1.3.73 Salmonella enterica
-
 gene cobC
-
6.3.1.10 Salmonella enterica
-
-
-
6.3.5.10 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)
-
-
-
6.3.5.10 Salmonella enterica
-
 serovar typhimurium
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.3.1.76 precorrin-2 + NAD+
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae sirohydrochlorin + NADH + H+
-
 ?
2.1.1.152 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-5 + H2O
-
 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-6A + acetate
-
 ?
2.1.1.152 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-5 + H2O the enzyme is involved in cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic or late cobalt insertion pathway Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-6A + acetate
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + 2',5'-dideoxyadenosylcobinamide highest kinase activity Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) 2',5'-dideoxyadenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + 2',5'-dideoxyadenosylcobinamide highest kinase activity Salmonella enterica 2',5'-dideoxyadenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + 5'-deoxyadenosylcobinamide highest kinase activity Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) 5'-deoxyadenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + 5'-deoxyadenosylcobinamide highest kinase activity Salmonella enterica 5'-deoxyadenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + 5'-deoxycytosylcobinamide substantial amount of activity retains, about 65% of the activity with AdoCbi Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) 5'-deoxycytosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + 5'-deoxycytosylcobinamide substantial amount of activity retains, about 65% of the activity with AdoCbi Salmonella enterica 5'-deoxycytosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + 5'-deoxyguanosylcobinamide substantial amount of activity retains, about 65% of the activity with AdoCbi Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) 5'-deoxyguanosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + 5'-deoxyguanosylcobinamide substantial amount of activity retains, about 65% of the activity with AdoCbi Salmonella enterica 5'-deoxyguanosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + 5'-deoxyinosylcobinamide substantial amount of activity retains, about 65% of the activity with AdoCbi Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) 5'-deoxyinosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + 5'-deoxyinosylcobinamide substantial amount of activity retains, about 65% of the activity with AdoCbi Salmonella enterica 5'-deoxyinosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide
-
 Escherichia coli adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide
-
 Priestia megaterium adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide
-
 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide
-
 Salmonella enterica adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide
-
 Propionibacterium freudenreichii adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 Escherichia coli adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 Priestia megaterium adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 Propionibacterium freudenreichii adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 ATP + adenosylcobinamide cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12, uses GTP to guanylate itself, then transfers this GMP group to AdoCbi-P to yield AdoCbi-GDP, the final product of the reaction, CobU enzyme in vivo is always guanylated, guanylation is necessary for both kinase and guanyltransferase activity Salmonella enterica adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 GTP + adenosylcobinamide
-
 Escherichia coli adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 GTP + adenosylcobinamide
-
 Priestia megaterium adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 GTP + adenosylcobinamide
-
 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 GTP + adenosylcobinamide
-
 Salmonella enterica adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 GTP + adenosylcobinamide
-
 Propionibacterium freudenreichii adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP
-
 ?
2.7.1.156 additional information enzyme can bind CTP, UTP, and dCTP, but product formation is not observed, only ATP or GTP generate a catalytically competent conformation of the enzyme, no activity is observed if (CN)2Cbi is used as substrate Salmonella enterica ?
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate
-
 Escherichia coli diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate
-
 Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate
-
 Priestia megaterium diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate
-
 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate
-
 Salmonella enterica diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate
-
 Propionibacterium freudenreichii diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 Escherichia coli diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 Priestia megaterium diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 Propionibacterium freudenreichii diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12, uses GTP to guanylate itself, then transfers this GMP group to AdoCbi-P to yield AdoCbi-GDP, the final product of the reaction Salmonella enterica diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate
-
 Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus DELTAH diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 GTP + adenosylcobinamide phosphate cobalamin biosynthesis, involved in de novo synthesis of vitamin B12 Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus DELTAH diphosphate + adenosylcobinamide-GDP
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 additional information CobU is a bifunctional enzyme that has both kinase EC 2.7.1.156 and guanyltransferase EC 2.7.7.62 activities Escherichia coli ?
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 additional information CobU is a bifunctional enzyme that has both kinase EC 2.7.1.156 and guanyltransferase EC 2.7.7.62 activities Priestia megaterium ?
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 additional information CobU is a bifunctional enzyme that has both kinase EC 2.7.1.156 and guanyltransferase EC 2.7.7.62 activities Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) ?
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 additional information CobU is a bifunctional enzyme that has both kinase EC 2.7.1.156 and guanyltransferase EC 2.7.7.62 activities Salmonella enterica ?
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 additional information CobU is a bifunctional enzyme that has both kinase EC 2.7.1.156 and guanyltransferase EC 2.7.7.62 activities Propionibacterium freudenreichii ?
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 additional information CobU is a bifunctional enzyme that has both kinase EC 2.7.1.156 and guanyltransferase EC 2.7.7.62 activities, cobY gene encodes a protein with GTP:AdoCbi-P guanyltransferase activity but no NTP:AdoCbi kinase activity Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ?
-
 ?
2.7.7.62 additional information CobU is a bifunctional enzyme that has both kinase EC 2.7.1.156 and guanyltransferase EC 2.7.7.62 activities, cobY gene encodes a protein with GTP:AdoCbi-P guanyltransferase activity but no NTP:AdoCbi kinase activity Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus DELTAH ?
-
 ?
3.1.3.73 alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate + H2O
-
 Salmonella enterica alpha -ribazole + phosphate
-
 ?
6.3.1.10 ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate amide bond formation, the substrate for CbiB is not aminopropanol but its phosphate Salmonella enterica ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide phosphate
-
 ?
6.3.1.10 additional information CbiB is involved in the anaerobic cobalamin/cobinamide biosynthesis pathway Salmonella enterica ?
-
 ?
6.3.5.10 ATP + adenosylcobyrinic acid a,c-diamide + L-glutamine + H2O CbiP is involved in the biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin, i.e. vitamin B12, anaerobic pathway Salmonella enterica ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobyric acid + L-glutamate
-
 ?
6.3.5.10 ATP + adenosylcobyrinic acid a,c-diamide + L-glutamine + H2O CobQ is involved in the biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin, i.e. vitamin B12, aerobic pathway Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobyric acid + L-glutamate
-
 ?
6.3.5.10 ATP + adenosylcobyrinic acid a,c-diamide + L-glutamine + H2O CbiP catalyzes b, d, e, and g amidation Salmonella enterica ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobyric acid + L-glutamate
-
 ?
6.3.5.10 ATP + adenosylcobyrinic acid a,c-diamide + L-glutamine + H2O CobQ amidates the side chains b, d, e, and g generating adenosylcobyric acid, requires glutamine as the amide donor Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.) ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobyric acid + L-glutamate
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
2.7.1.156 trimer
-
 Salmonella enterica
2.7.7.62 trimer
-
 Salmonella enterica
6.3.5.10 homodimer 2 * 57000 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.7.1.156 adenosylcobinamide kinase
-
 Escherichia coli
2.7.1.156 adenosylcobinamide kinase
-
 Priestia megaterium
2.7.1.156 adenosylcobinamide kinase
-
 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)
2.7.1.156 adenosylcobinamide kinase
-
 Salmonella enterica
2.7.1.156 adenosylcobinamide kinase
-
 Propionibacterium freudenreichii
2.7.1.156 CobP
-
 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)
2.7.1.156 CobU
-
 Escherichia coli
2.7.1.156 CobU
-
 Priestia megaterium
2.7.1.156 CobU
-
 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)
2.7.1.156 CobU
-
 Salmonella enterica
2.7.1.156 CobU
-
 Propionibacterium freudenreichii
2.7.7.62 adenosylcobinamide guanylyltransferase
-
 Salmonella enterica
2.7.7.62 adenosylcobinamide kinase
-
 Escherichia coli
2.7.7.62 adenosylcobinamide kinase
-
 Priestia megaterium
2.7.7.62 adenosylcobinamide kinase
-
 Propionibacterium freudenreichii
2.7.7.62 adenosylcobinamide phosphate guanylyltransferase
-
 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)
2.7.7.62 CobU
-
 Escherichia coli
2.7.7.62 CobU
-
 Priestia megaterium
2.7.7.62 CobU
-
 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)
2.7.7.62 CobU
-
 Salmonella enterica
2.7.7.62 CobU
-
 Propionibacterium freudenreichii
2.7.7.62 guanyltransferase
-
 Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus
6.3.5.10 CbiP
-
 Salmonella enterica
6.3.5.10 CobQ
-
 Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
6.3.5.10 ATP requirement Pseudomonas denitrificans (nom. rej.)

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
3.1.3.73 malfunction the effect of the lack of CobC enzyme on AdoCbl synthesis is most evident when the demand for AdoCbl is high, e.g., during growth on ethanolamine as carbon and energy source. However, when the demand for AdoCbl is low (e.g., synthesis of methionine via the Cbl-dependent methionine synthase), there is no detectable effect on Cbl-dependent growth unless the strain also harbors a null allele of the cobT gene encoding the NaMN:DMB phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme. It is possible that under conditions where low levels of AdoCbl are sufficient to support growth, the activity of a non-specific phosphatase generates alpha-ribazole bypassing the need for CobC activity Salmonella enterica