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Literature summary extracted from

  • Ono, H.; Sawada, K.; Khunajakr, N.; Tao, T.; Yamamoto, M.; Hiramoto, M.; Shinmyo, A.; Takano, M.; Murooka, Y.
    Characterization of biosynthetic enzymes for ectoine as a compatible solute in a moderately halophilic eubacterium, Halomonas elongata (1999), J. Bacteriol., 181, 91-99.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

General Stability

EC Number General Stability Organism
2.3.1.178 enzyme is stabilized in presence of NaCl. Residual activity after a 3 h incubation at 0°C is 100% in presence of 2 M NaCl Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 NaCl stabilizes the enzyme at above 2 M Halomonas elongata

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
2.6.1.46 4.5
-
 L-2-amino-4-oxobutanoate pH 8.5, 25ºC Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.46 9.1
-
 L-glutamate pH 8.5, 25ºC Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.76 4.5
-
 L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde pH 8.5, 25°C Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.76 9.1
-
 L-glutamate pH 8.5, 25°C Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 8.4
-
 4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate pH 9.5, 15°C, in presence of 0.77 M NaCl Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 11
-
 4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate pH 9.5, 15°C, in presence of 0.05 M NaCl Halomonas elongata

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
2.6.1.46 K+ required for activity and stability Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.76 K+ required Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 additional information the enzyme is not affected by Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Li+, K+, and NH4+ Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 NaCl required for activity, maximal activity at 0.5 M Halomonas elongata

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
2.3.1.178 45000
-
 gel filtration Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.46 44000
-
 gel filtration Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.76 44000
-
 6 * 44000, SDS-PAGE Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.76 260000
-
 gel filtration Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 19000
-
 x * 19000, SDS-PAGE Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 35000
-
 gel filtration in presence of 2 M NaCl Halomonas elongata

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.6.1.46 L-2-amino-4-oxobutanoate + L-glutamate Halomonas elongata
-
 L-2,4-diaminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate
-
 r
2.6.1.46 L-2-amino-4-oxobutanoate + L-glutamate Halomonas elongata OUT300318
-
 L-2,4-diaminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate
-
 r
2.6.1.46 L-2-amino-4-oxobutanoate + L-glutamate Halomonas elongata OUT30018
-
 L-2,4-diaminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate
-
 r
4.2.1.108 4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Halomonas elongata final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, pathway overview L-ectoine + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.108 4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Halomonas elongata OUT300318 final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, pathway overview L-ectoine + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.108 4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Halomonas elongata OUT30018 final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, pathway overview L-ectoine + H2O
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.3.1.178 Halomonas elongata
-
 OUT30018
-
2.3.1.178 Halomonas elongata OUT30018
-
 OUT30018
-
2.6.1.46 Halomonas elongata
-
-
-
2.6.1.46 Halomonas elongata OUT300318
-
-
-
2.6.1.76 Halomonas elongata O52250
-
-
4.2.1.108 Halomonas elongata
-
 formerly KS3
-
4.2.1.108 Halomonas elongata OUT30018
-
 formerly KS3
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
2.3.1.178
-
 Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.46 ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sepharose CL-6B Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.76
-
 Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 native enzyme by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, ultrafiltration, and hydroxylapatite chromatography, in presence of 1 mM L-2,4-diaminobutanoate and over 2 M NaCl to homogeneity Halomonas elongata

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
2.3.1.178 50
-
-
 Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.46 additional information
-
-
 Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.76 12
-
 pH 8.5, 25°C Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 16
-
 purified enzyme Halomonas elongata

Storage Stability

EC Number Storage Stability Organism
2.6.1.46 0ºC, 100 mM 2,4-diaminobutyric acid Halomonas elongata

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 Halomonas elongata CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 Halomonas elongata OUT300318 CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 Halomonas elongata OUT30018 CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.6.1.46 L-2-amino-4-oxobutanoate + L-glutamate
-
 Halomonas elongata L-2,4-diaminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate
-
 r
2.6.1.46 L-2-amino-4-oxobutanoate + L-glutamate
-
 Halomonas elongata OUT300318 L-2,4-diaminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate
-
 r
2.6.1.46 L-2-amino-4-oxobutanoate + L-glutamate
-
 Halomonas elongata OUT30018 L-2,4-diaminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate
-
 r
2.6.1.76 4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate about 60% of the activity with L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Halomonas elongata ? + L-glutamate
-
 r
2.6.1.76 L-2,4-diaminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate
-
 Halomonas elongata L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate
-
 r
2.6.1.76 L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate
-
 Halomonas elongata L-2,4-diaminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate
-
 r
2.6.1.76 L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-homoserine about 5% of the activity with L-glutamate Halomonas elongata L-2,4-diaminobutanoate + 4-hydroxy-2-oxobutanoic acid
-
 r
2.6.1.76 L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate about 6% of the activity with L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Halomonas elongata ? + L-glutamate
-
 r
2.6.1.76 additional information no substrates: L-alanine, L-aspartate, L-lysine Halomonas elongata ?
-
 ?
4.2.1.108 4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, pathway overview Halomonas elongata L-ectoine + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.108 4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid, circularization, L-ectoine as an effective osmoprotectant, the enzyme shows absolute substrate specificity, reversibility of the reaction is not detected but might be below detection range Halomonas elongata L-ectoine + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.108 4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, pathway overview Halomonas elongata OUT300318 L-ectoine + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.108 4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid, circularization, L-ectoine as an effective osmoprotectant, the enzyme shows absolute substrate specificity, reversibility of the reaction is not detected but might be below detection range Halomonas elongata OUT300318 L-ectoine + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.108 4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, pathway overview Halomonas elongata OUT30018 L-ectoine + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.108 4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid, circularization, L-ectoine as an effective osmoprotectant, the enzyme shows absolute substrate specificity, reversibility of the reaction is not detected but might be below detection range Halomonas elongata OUT30018 L-ectoine + H2O
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
2.6.1.76 hexamer 6 * 44000, SDS-PAGE Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 ? x * 19000, SDS-PAGE Halomonas elongata

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.6.1.76 2,4-diaminobutyrate aminotransferase
-
 Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.76 DABA aminotransferase
-
 Halomonas elongata

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.3.1.178 20
-
-
 Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.46 25
-
 in presence of 0.4 M NaCl Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.76 25
-
-
 Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108
-
 10 in presence of 0.05 M NaCl Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 15
-
 in presence of 0.77 M NaCl Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 30
-
 in presence of 3.0 M NaCl Halomonas elongata

Temperature Range [°C]

EC Number Temperature Minimum [°C] Temperature Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
4.2.1.108
-
 30 the temperature optimum shifts from 0°C to 30°C with increasing NaCl concentration Halomonas elongata

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.3.1.178 30
-
 residual activity after a 3 h incubation at 30°C is 62% in presence of 2 M NaCl Halomonas elongata
2.3.1.178 37
-
 residual activity after a 3 h incubation at 37°C is 35% in presence of 2 M NaCl Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 30
-
 the enzyme is quite stable below 30°C in presence of 2 M NaCl Halomonas elongata

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
2.3.1.178 8.2
-
-
 Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.46 8.6 8.7
-
 Halomonas elongata
2.6.1.76 8.6
-
-
 Halomonas elongata
4.2.1.108 8.5 9
-
 Halomonas elongata

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
2.6.1.76 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
 Halomonas elongata

pI Value

EC Number Organism Comment pI Value Maximum pI Value
2.6.1.76 Halomonas elongata isoelectric focussing
-
 6.2
4.2.1.108 Halomonas elongata isoelectric focusing 4.4 4.2