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Literature summary extracted from

  • Clinkenbeard, K.D.; Sugiyama, T.; Reed, W.D.; Lane, M.D.
    Cyoplasmic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase from liver (1975), J. Biol. Chem., 250, 3124-3135.
No PubMed abstract available

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
2.3.3.10 MgCl2 small activating effect on synthases II and III Gallus gallus

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
2.3.3.10 acetoacetyl-CoA
-
 Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 acetoacetyl-CoA
-
 Rattus norvegicus
2.3.3.10 acetoacetyl-CoA
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2.3.3.10 Mg2+ mitochondrial enzyme Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 MgCl2 synthase I Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 MgCl2 mitochondrial enzyme Rattus norvegicus

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
2.3.3.10 0.002
-
 acetoacetyl-CoA cytoplasmic isozymes I-IV Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 0.29
-
 acetyl-CoA synthase I Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 0.31
-
 acetyl-CoA synthases II and III Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 1
-
 acetyl-CoA mitochondrial synthase Gallus gallus

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
2.3.3.10 cytoplasm
-
 Gallus gallus 5737
-
2.3.3.10 cytoplasm
-
 Meleagris gallopavo 5737
-
2.3.3.10 cytoplasm
-
 Rattus norvegicus 5737
-
2.3.3.10 cytoplasm
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5737
-
2.3.3.10 cytoplasm
-
 Columba livia 5737
-
2.3.3.10 cytosol
-
 Gallus gallus 5829
-
2.3.3.10 cytosol
-
 Rattus norvegicus 5829
-
2.3.3.10 cytosol
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5829
-
2.3.3.10 mitochondrion
-
 Gallus gallus 5739
-
2.3.3.10 mitochondrion
-
 Meleagris gallopavo 5739
-
2.3.3.10 mitochondrion
-
 Rattus norvegicus 5739
-
2.3.3.10 mitochondrion
-
 Columba livia 5739
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
2.3.3.10 Mg2+ cytoplasmic enzyme Gallus gallus

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
2.3.3.10 52000
-
 2 * 52000, mitochondrial synthase, synthase I, SDS-PAGE Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 55000
-
 2 * 55000, synthase II, SDS-PAGE Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 58000
-
 2 * 58000, synthases III and IV, SDS-PAGE Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 90000
-
 gel filtration, synthase I Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 94000 100000 gel filtration, synthase II Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 96000 105000 gel filtration, mitochondrial synthase Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 100000
-
 gel filtration, synthases I, II, III, IV, multiple forms of cytoplasmic enzyme Gallus gallus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
 (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O Gallus gallus mitochondrial enzyme of liver functions in ketogenesis, its cytoplasmic counterpart participates in cholesterogenesis (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O Meleagris gallopavo mitochondrial enzyme of liver functions in ketogenesis, its cytoplasmic counterpart participates in cholesterogenesis (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O Columba livia mitochondrial enzyme of liver functions in ketogenesis, its cytoplasmic counterpart participates in cholesterogenesis (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O Rattus norvegicus major cytoplasmic synthase, synthase II is implicated in cholesterol synthesis (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.3.3.10 Columba livia
-
 pigeon
-
2.3.3.10 Gallus gallus
-
 chicken
-
2.3.3.10 Gallus gallus
-
 white Leghorn cockerels
-
2.3.3.10 Meleagris gallopavo
-
 turkey
-
2.3.3.10 Rattus norvegicus
-
 rat
-
2.3.3.10 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
 baker's yeast
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
2.3.3.10 synthase species I-IV Gallus gallus

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.3.3.10 brain synthases I, II and III Gallus gallus
-
2.3.3.10 kidney
-
 Meleagris gallopavo
-
2.3.3.10 kidney
-
 Columba livia
-
2.3.3.10 liver
-
 Gallus gallus
-
2.3.3.10 liver
-
 Meleagris gallopavo
-
2.3.3.10 liver
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-
2.3.3.10 liver
-
 Columba livia
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
2.3.3.10 0.65
-
 cytoplasmic enzyme, isozyme III and IV Gallus gallus

Storage Stability

EC Number Storage Stability Organism
2.3.3.10 -90°C, purified synthases II-IV in 20 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.0, 5 mM dithiothreitol, can be stored as pellets following precipitation by 60% saturated ammonium sulfate up to 3 months without loss of activity Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 0°C, purified synthase I stored frozen in 40% glycerol containing 20 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.0, 5 mM dithiothreitol, stable for 3-4 months Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 4°C, purified synthase I stored in 40% glycerol containing 20 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.0, 5 mM dithiothreitol is unstable Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 4°C, purified synthases II-IV in 20 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.0, 5 mM dithiothreitol, stable for several weeks Gallus gallus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O
-
 Gallus gallus (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O
-
 Meleagris gallopavo (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O
-
 Rattus norvegicus (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O
-
 Columba livia (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O mitochondrial enzyme of liver functions in ketogenesis, its cytoplasmic counterpart participates in cholesterogenesis Gallus gallus (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O mitochondrial enzyme of liver functions in ketogenesis, its cytoplasmic counterpart participates in cholesterogenesis Meleagris gallopavo (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O mitochondrial enzyme of liver functions in ketogenesis, its cytoplasmic counterpart participates in cholesterogenesis Columba livia (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O major cytoplasmic synthase, synthase II is implicated in cholesterol synthesis Rattus norvegicus (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 additional information
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae ?
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 additional information feeding cholestyramine to rats causes a 2.6fold increase in the cytosolic activities of the synthase in liver Rattus norvegicus ?
-
 ?
2.3.3.10 additional information cholesterol feeding causes a significant reduction in the HMG-CoA synthase activity of the cytosolic fraction of liver Gallus gallus ?
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
2.3.3.10 dimer 2 * 52000, mitochondrial synthase, synthase I, SDS-PAGE Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 dimer 2 * 55000, synthase II, SDS-PAGE Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 dimer 2 * 58000, synthases III and IV, SDS-PAGE Gallus gallus

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
2.3.3.10 9.2
-
 synthase II Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 9.3
-
 synthase I Gallus gallus
2.3.3.10 9.4
-
 synthase III Gallus gallus