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Literature summary extracted from
- DNA topoisomerases (1981), Annu. Rev. Biochem., 50, 879-910.
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.6.2.2 | (beta,gamma-Imido)adenosine triphosphate | inhibits ATP-driven supercoiling | eukaryota |  |
| 5.6.2.2 | coumermycin | coumermycin A1 | Bacillus subtilis | |
| 5.6.2.2 | coumermycin | coumermycin A1 | Escherichia coli | |
| 5.6.2.2 | coumermycin | coumermycin A1 | eukaryota | |
| 5.6.2.2 | coumermycin | coumermycin A1 | Micrococcus luteus | |
| 5.6.2.2 | Nalidixic acid | - |
Bacillus subtilis | |
| 5.6.2.2 | Nalidixic acid | - |
Escherichia coli | |
| 5.6.2.2 | Nalidixic acid | - |
eukaryota | |
| 5.6.2.2 | Nalidixic acid | - |
Micrococcus luteus | |
| 5.6.2.2 | novobiocin | no inhibition | Escherichia coli | |
| 5.6.2.2 | novobiocin | no inhibition | eukaryota | |
| 5.6.2.2 | novobiocin | no inhibition | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 5.6.2.2 | Oxolinic acid | - |
Bacillus subtilis | |
| 5.6.2.2 | Oxolinic acid | - |
Escherichia coli | |
| 5.6.2.2 | Oxolinic acid | - |
eukaryota | |
| 5.6.2.2 | Oxolinic acid | - |
Micrococcus luteus | |
| 5.6.2.2 | Oxolinic acid | little or no inhibition | Tequatrovirus T4 | |
Localization
| EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.6.2.1 | nucleus | - |
Gallus gallus | 5634 | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | nucleus | - |
Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | 5634 | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | nucleus | associated with chromatin | Mus musculus | 5634 | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | nucleus | associated with chromatin | Homo sapiens | 5634 | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | nucleus | associated with chromatin | Rattus norvegicus | 5634 | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | nucleus | associated with chromatin | Bos taurus | 5634 | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | nucleus | associated with chromatin | Xenopus laevis | 5634 | - |
| 5.6.2.2 | mitochondrion | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 5739 | - |
Metals/Ions
| EC Number | Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.6.2.1 | Mg2+ | - |
Gallus gallus | |
| 5.6.2.1 | Mg2+ | - |
Vaccinia virus | |
| 5.6.2.1 | Mg2+ | required | Escherichia coli | |
| 5.6.2.1 | Mg2+ | active in absence of Mg2+ | Mus musculus | |
| 5.6.2.1 | Mg2+ | active in absence of Mg2+ | Homo sapiens | |
| 5.6.2.1 | Mg2+ | active in absence of Mg2+ | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 5.6.2.1 | Mg2+ | active in absence of Mg2+ | Bos taurus | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| EC Number | Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.6.2.1 | 110000 | - |
1 * 110000, denaturing PAGE | Escherichia coli |
| 5.6.2.2 | 97000 | - |
2 * 97000 + 2 * 115000 | Micrococcus luteus |
| 5.6.2.2 | 115000 | - |
2 * 97000 + 2 * 115000 | Micrococcus luteus |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Gallus gallus | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Mus musculus | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Escherichia coli | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Homo sapiens | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Rattus norvegicus | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Bos taurus | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Priestia megaterium | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Xenopus laevis | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Micrococcus luteus | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Anas platyrhynchos | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Platyrrhini | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Vaccinia virus | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | Echinoidea | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | salmon | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | Rattus norvegicus | - |
? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | Bos taurus | - |
? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | Bacteria | biological role of topoisomerase II and DNA gyrase | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | eukaryota | biological role of topoisomerase II and DNA gyrase | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.6.2.1 | Anas platyrhynchos | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.1 | Bos taurus | - |
calf | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.1 | Echinoidea | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.1 | Escherichia coli | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.1 | Gallus gallus | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.1 | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.1 | Micrococcus luteus | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.1 | Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.1 | Platyrrhini | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.1 | Priestia megaterium | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.1 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
a nuclear and a mitochondrial form | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | salmon | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.1 | Vaccinia virus | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.1 | Xenopus laevis | - |
in Ref. 21 steht nur Xenopus sp. | - |
| 5.6.2.2 | Bacillus subtilis | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.2 | Bacteria | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.2 | Bos taurus | - |
calf | - |
| 5.6.2.2 | Escherichia coli | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.2 | eukaryota | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.2 | Micrococcus luteus | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.2 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.2 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
| 5.6.2.2 | Tequatrovirus T4 | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.6.2.1 | egg | - |
Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | egg | - |
Echinoidea | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | embryo | - |
Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | embryo | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | erythrocyte | - |
Gallus gallus | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | erythrocyte | - |
Anas platyrhynchos | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | HeLa cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | testis | - |
salmon | - |
| 5.6.2.1 | thymus | - |
Bos taurus | - |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | E. coli, bacteriophage T4-infected | Tequatrovirus T4 | - |
| 5.6.2.2 | thymus | - |
Bos taurus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Gallus gallus | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Priestia megaterium | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Xenopus laevis | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Micrococcus luteus | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Anas platyrhynchos | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Platyrrhini | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Vaccinia virus | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | Echinoidea | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | additional information | enzyme controls the topological state of DNA | salmon | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Gallus gallus | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Mus musculus | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Escherichia coli | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Homo sapiens | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Rattus norvegicus | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Bos taurus | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Priestia megaterium | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Xenopus laevis | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Micrococcus luteus | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Anas platyrhynchos | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Platyrrhini | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Vaccinia virus | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | Echinoidea | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | relaxation | salmon | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | positive and negative supercoiled DNA | Drosophila sp. (in: flies) | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | positive and negative supercoiled DNA | Mus musculus | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | positive and negative supercoiled DNA | Homo sapiens | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | positive and negative supercoiled DNA | Rattus norvegicus | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | positive and negative supercoiled DNA | Bos taurus | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | positive and negative supercoiled DNA | Vaccinia virus | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.1 | supercoiled DNA | specific for negatively supercoiled DNA, no activity with positively supercoiled DNA | Escherichia coli | relaxed closed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | - |
eukaryota | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | - |
Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | DNA-dependent ATPase activity | Tequatrovirus T4 | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | the linking number of a DNA molecule changes by one to two units for each ATP molecule hydrolyzed | Tequatrovirus T4 | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | ATP-dependent negative supercoiling of closed circular duplex DNA | Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | when large amounts of enzyme are incubated with circular duplex DNA in absence of ATP, knotted molecules of varying complexity are formed | Tequatrovirus T4 | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | dATP can substitute for ATP in the supercoiling reaction | Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | biological role of topoisomerase II and DNA gyrase | Bacteria | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | additional information | biological role of topoisomerase II and DNA gyrase | eukaryota | ? | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Bacteria | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | eukaryota | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Bacillus subtilis | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Escherichia coli | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Rattus norvegicus | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Bos taurus | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Micrococcus luteus | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Tequatrovirus T4 | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Bacteria | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | eukaryota | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Bacillus subtilis | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Escherichia coli | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Rattus norvegicus | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Bos taurus | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Micrococcus luteus | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Tequatrovirus T4 | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Bacteria | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | eukaryota | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Bacillus subtilis | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Escherichia coli | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Rattus norvegicus | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Bos taurus | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Micrococcus luteus | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Tequatrovirus T4 | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA | eukaryota | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA | Escherichia coli | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA | Bos taurus | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| 5.6.2.2 | supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA | Tequatrovirus T4 | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
Subunits
| EC Number | Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.6.2.1 | monomer | - |
Gallus gallus |
| 5.6.2.1 | monomer | - |
Mus musculus |
| 5.6.2.1 | monomer | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 5.6.2.1 | monomer | - |
Vaccinia virus |
| 5.6.2.1 | monomer | 1 * 110000, denaturing PAGE | Escherichia coli |
| 5.6.2.2 | tetramer | - |
Bacillus subtilis |
| 5.6.2.2 | tetramer | - |
Escherichia coli |
| 5.6.2.2 | tetramer | - |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| 5.6.2.2 | tetramer | 2 * 97000 + 2 * 115000 | Micrococcus luteus |
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