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Literature summary extracted from

  • Petruccioli, M.; Brimer, L.; Cicalini, A.R.; Pulci, V.; Federici, F.
    Production and properties of the linamarase and amygdalase activities of Penicillium aurantiogriseum P35 (1999), Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 63, 805-812.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
3.2.1.21 EDTA strong activation of both PGI and PGII at 10 mM Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 EDTA activating Penicillium aurantiogriseum

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
3.2.1.21 Ag+ strong inhibition at 1 mM for PGI and PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 Cu2+ stronger inhibition for linamarin than for amygdalin at 1 mM, both PGI and PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 D-glucono-1,5-lactone complete inhibition at 1 mM for PGI and PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 Fe3+ strong inhibition at 10 mM for PGI and PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 Mn2+ moderate inhibition at 10 mM for PGI and PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 Ag+
-
 Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 Co2+
-
 Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 Cu2+
-
 Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 Fe3+
-
 Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 glucono-delta-lactone complete inhibition at 1 mM Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 Mn2+
-
 Penicillium aurantiogriseum

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
3.2.1.21 0.43
-
 amygdalin for PGI Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 0.47
-
 amygdalin for PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 2.32
-
 linamarin for PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 2.41
-
 linamarin for PGI Penicillium aurantiogriseum

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
3.2.1.21 extracellular most enzyme synthesis if grown in medium containing yeast extract Penicillium aurantiogriseum
-
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
3.2.1.21 Ca2+ activation for PGI at 10 mM Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 Zn2+ activation at 10 mM for both PGI and PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 Ca2+ activating Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 Zn2+ activating Penicillium aurantiogriseum

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
3.2.1.21 61100
-
 4 * 61100, SDS-PAGE, for PGI Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 71000
-
 2 * 71000, SDS-PAGE, for PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 147000
-
 for PGII, gel filtration Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 247000
-
 for PGI, gel filtration Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 147000
-
 PG II, gel filtration Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 247000
-
 PG I, gel filtration Penicillium aurantiogriseum

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
3.2.1.117 (R)-amygdalin + H2O Penicillium aurantiogriseum first step of cyanogenesis from amygdalin (R)-prunasin + D-glucose
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
3.2.1.21 Penicillium aurantiogriseum
-
-
-
3.2.1.117 Penicillium aurantiogriseum
-
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
3.2.1.21 to homogeneity, preparative isoelectric focusing, 1step chromatography Penicillium aurantiogriseum

Reaction

EC Number Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
3.2.1.117 (R)-amygdalin + H2O = (R)-prunasin + D-glucose extracellular enzyme that shows amygdalin as well as prunasin hydrolase activity Penicillium aurantiogriseum
a

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
3.2.1.21 cell culture 2 isoenzymes, PGI and PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
3.2.1.21 0.16
-
 for PGI Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 0.41
-
 for PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
3.2.1.21 (R)-alpha-[(6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]benzeneacetonitrile + H2O amygdalin Penicillium aurantiogriseum HCN + ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.21 cardiospermin sulfate + H2O low activity Penicillium aurantiogriseum HCN + ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.21 dhurrin + H2O low activity for PGI Penicillium aurantiogriseum HCN + beta-D-glucose + 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
-
 ?
3.2.1.21 epivolkenin + H2O low activity Penicillium aurantiogriseum HCN + ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.21 gynocardin + H2O low activity Penicillium aurantiogriseum HCN + ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.21 linamarin + H2O low activity Penicillium aurantiogriseum HCN + ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.21 lucumin + H2O low activity for PGI, very low activity for PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum HCN + ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.21 passibiflorin + H2O low activity Penicillium aurantiogriseum HCN + ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.21 prunasin + H2O
-
 Penicillium aurantiogriseum D-mandelonitrile + beta-D-glucose
-
 ?
3.2.1.21 samibunigrin + H2O best substrate for PGI and PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum HCN + ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.21 taxiphyllin + H2O low activity for PGI Penicillium aurantiogriseum HCN + ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.21 tetraphyllin + H2O
-
 Penicillium aurantiogriseum HCN + ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.117 (R)-amygdalin + H2O very broad specificity Penicillium aurantiogriseum (R)-prunasin + D-glucose
-
 ?
3.2.1.117 (R)-amygdalin + H2O first step of cyanogenesis from amygdalin Penicillium aurantiogriseum (R)-prunasin + D-glucose
-
 ?
3.2.1.117 (R)-prunasin + H2O very effective substrate, EC 3.2.1.118 activity Penicillium aurantiogriseum D-glucose + mandelonitrile
-
 ?
3.2.1.117 cardiospermin 5-sulfate + H2O poor substrate Penicillium aurantiogriseum D-glucose + sulfuric acid mono-(3-cyano-3-hydroxy-2-methylenepropyl) ester
-
 ?
3.2.1.117 dhurrin + H2O
-
 Penicillium aurantiogriseum D-glucose + 4-hydroxymandelonitrile
-
 ?
3.2.1.117 epivolkenin + H2O poor substrate Penicillium aurantiogriseum D-glucose + 1,4-dihydroxycyclopent-2-enecabonitrile
-
 ?
3.2.1.117 gynocardin + H2O
-
 Penicillium aurantiogriseum D-glucose + 1,4,5-hydroxycyclopent-2-enecarbonitrile
-
 ?
3.2.1.117 linamarin + H2O poor substrate Penicillium aurantiogriseum D-glucose + acetone cyanohydrin
-
 ?
3.2.1.117 lucumin + H2O poor substrate Penicillium aurantiogriseum ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.117 passibiflorin + H2O poor substrate Penicillium aurantiogriseum D-glucose + 1,4-dihydroxycyclopent-2-enecabonitrile
-
 ?
3.2.1.117 sambunigrin + H2O very effective substrate Penicillium aurantiogriseum D-glucose + mandelonitrile
-
 ?
3.2.1.117 taxiphyllin + H2O
-
 Penicillium aurantiogriseum D-glucose + 4-hydroxymandelonitrile
-
 ?
3.2.1.117 tetraphyllin B + H2O very effective substrate Penicillium aurantiogriseum D-glucose + 1,4-dihydroxycyclopent-2-enecabonitrile
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
3.2.1.21 dimer 2 * 71000, SDS-PAGE, for PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 tetramer 4 * 61100, SDS-PAGE, for PGI Penicillium aurantiogriseum

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
3.2.1.21 linamarase
-
 Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 PGI
-
 Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 PGII
-
 Penicillium aurantiogriseum

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
3.2.1.21 55
-
 for PGI Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 60
-
 for PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 55
-
 PG I Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 60
-
 PG II Penicillium aurantiogriseum

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
3.2.1.21 50
-
 for PGI, stable up to Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 60
-
 for PGII, stable up to Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 55
-
 PG I, half life: 2 h Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 60
-
 PG II, half life: 7 h Penicillium aurantiogriseum

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
3.2.1.21 6
-
 for both PGI and PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.117 6
-
 both isoforms Penicillium aurantiogriseum

pH Stability

EC Number pH Stability pH Stability Maximum Comment Organism
3.2.1.21 5 7.5 for PGI Penicillium aurantiogriseum
3.2.1.21 5.5 7.5 for PGII Penicillium aurantiogriseum