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Literature summary extracted from
- Atrolysins: metalloproteinases from Crotalus atrox venom (1995), Methods Enzymol., 248, 368-387.
Cloned(Commentary)
| EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 3.4.24.41 | - |
Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.42 | - |
Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.44 | - |
Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.45 | - |
Crotalus atrox |
Crystallization (Commentary)
| EC Number | Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 3.4.24.42 | - |
Crotalus atrox |
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.4.24.41 | 1,10-phenanthroline | - |
Crotalus atrox |  |
| 3.4.24.41 | EDTA | - |
Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.41 | Hemorrhagic toxin inhibitor from Crotalus atrox | - |
Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.42 | 1,10-phenanthroline | - |
Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.42 | alpha2-Macroglobulin | - |
Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Amino acid hydroxamates | - |
Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Benzyloxycarbonyl-Leu-Gly-NHOH | - |
Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.42 | EDTA | - |
Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.44 | 1,10-phenanthroline | - |
Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.44 | EDTA | - |
Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Human plasma alpha2-macroglobulin | - |
Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.44 | additional information | synthetic peptide inhibitors with N-[1-(R,S)-3-dicarboxypropyl] moiety | Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Pyroglutamate peptides | e.g. pyro-Glu-Asn-Trp or pyro-Glu-Glu-Trp | Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Synthetic peptide inhibitors with N-[1-(R,S)-carboxypentyl] moiety | - |
Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.45 | 1,10-phenanthroline | - |
Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.45 | EDTA | - |
Crotalus atrox | |
Metals/Ions
| EC Number | Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.4.24.41 | Zn2+ | zinc metalloproteinase, 1 mol zinc/mol enzyme | Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Zn2+ | zinc metalloproteinase | Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Zn2+ | 1 mol zinc/mol enzyme | Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Co2+ | can be directly exchanged for zinc by dialysis without loss of specificity or activity | Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Zn2+ | zinc metalloproteinase | Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Zn2+ | 1 mol zinc/mol enzyme | Crotalus atrox | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Zn2+ | zinc metalloproteinase, 1 mol zinc/mol enzyme | Crotalus atrox | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| EC Number | Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.4.24.41 | 24000 | - |
1 * 24000, Crotalus atrox, SDS-PAGE | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.42 | additional information | - |
they differ by a single amino acid substitution at position 181, Ala (Cc) or Asp (Cd) | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.42 | 24000 | - |
1 * 24000, Crotalus atrox | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.44 | 25700 | - |
1 * 25700, Crotalus atrox, SDS-PAGE | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.45 | 64000 | - |
1 * 64000, Crotalus atrox, SDS-PAGE | Crotalus atrox |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.4.24.41 | Basement membranes surrounding capillaries + H2O | Crotalus atrox | involved in disruption of capillary membranes, together with atrolysins C and E member of the class P-I hemorrhagic toxins, most abundant hemorrhagic toxin in the venom | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Basement membranes surrounding capillaries + H2O | Crotalus atrox | together with atrolysins B and E member of the class P-I hemorrhagic toxins | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Basement membranes surrounding capillaries + H2O | Crotalus atrox | contributes to hemorrhagic property by weakening capillary walls, together with atrolysins B and C member of the class P-I hemorrhagic toxins | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Basement membranes surrounding capillaries + H2O | Crotalus atrox | involved in disruption of capillary membranes | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Basement membranes surrounding capillaries + H2O | Crotalus atrox | together with atrolysin A member of the class P-III hemorrhagic toxins | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.4.24.41 | Crotalus atrox | - |
Western diamondback rattlesnake | - |
| 3.4.24.42 | Crotalus atrox | - |
Western diamondback rattlesnake | - |
| 3.4.24.44 | Crotalus atrox | - |
Western diamondback rattlesnake | - |
| 3.4.24.45 | Crotalus atrox | - |
Western diamondback rattlesnake | - |
Posttranslational Modification
| EC Number | Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.4.24.41 | additional information | no glycoprotein | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.42 | additional information | no glycoprotein | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.44 | additional information | no glycoprotein | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.45 | no glycoprotein | - |
Crotalus atrox |
Purification (Commentary)
| EC Number | Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 3.4.24.41 | from lyophilized crude venom | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.42 | formerly Ht-c and Ht-d | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.42 | from lyophilized crude venom | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.42 | two isozymes Cc and Cd | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.44 | from lyophilized crude venom | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.45 | from lyophilized crude venom | Crotalus atrox |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.4.24.41 | venom | - |
Crotalus atrox | - |
| 3.4.24.42 | venom | - |
Crotalus atrox | - |
| 3.4.24.44 | venom | - |
Crotalus atrox | - |
| 3.4.24.45 | venom | - |
Crotalus atrox | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.4.24.41 | Basement membrane preparation + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | Soluble peptides | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.41 | Basement membranes surrounding capillaries + H2O | involved in disruption of capillary membranes, together with atrolysins C and E member of the class P-I hemorrhagic toxins, most abundant hemorrhagic toxin in the venom | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.41 | Fibrinogen + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | Hydrolyzed fibrinogen | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.41 | Laminin + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.41 | additional information | no hydrolysis of fibrin | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.41 | additional information | possesses hemorrhagic, proteolytic and myonecrotic activity | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.41 | Nidogen + H2O | basement membrane component | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | 2-Aminobenzoyl-Ala-Gly-Leu-Ala 4-nitrobenzyl amide + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Basement membrane preparation + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | Soluble peptides | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Basement membranes surrounding capillaries + H2O | together with atrolysins B and E member of the class P-I hemorrhagic toxins | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Collagen type IV + H2O | basement membrane component, alpha1 (MW 185000) and alpha2 (MW 170000) chain | Crotalus atrox | Hydrolyzed collagen type IV | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Fibrinogen + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | Hydrolyzed fibrinogen | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Fibronectin + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Gelatin of collagen type I + H2O | i.e. denatured collagen | Crotalus atrox | Hydrolyzed gelatin of collagen type I | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Gelatin of collagen type III + H2O | i.e. denatured collagen | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Human alpha2-macroglobulin + H2O | cleavage at Arg696-Leu697 | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Laminin + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Leu-Val-Glu-Ala-Leu-Tyr-Leu + H2O | cleavage at Ala-Leu | Crotalus atrox | Leu-Val-Glu-Ala + Leu-Tyr-Leu | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | additional information | no hydrolysis of fibrin | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | additional information | substrate digestion patterns differ from those of atrolysins A and E | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Nidogen + H2O | basement membrane component | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.42 | Oxidized insulin B-chain + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Basement membrane preparation + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | Soluble peptides | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Basement membranes surrounding capillaries + H2O | contributes to hemorrhagic property by weakening capillary walls, together with atrolysins B and C member of the class P-I hemorrhagic toxins | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Collagen type IV alphaI(IV) chains + H2O | basement membrane component, cleavage at Ala219-Gln220 | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Collagen type IV alphaII(IV) chain + H2O | basement membrane component, cleavage at Thr228-Leu229 | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Fibrinogen + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | Hydrolyzed fibrinogen | non-clotting products | ? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Fibronectin + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | Hydrolyzed fibronectin | lower MW fragments | ? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Gelatin of collagen type I + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Gelatin of collagen type II + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Gelatin of collagen type III + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Gelatin of collagen type V + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Human alpha2-macroglobulin + H2O | cleavage at Val689-Met690 and Gly693-His694 | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Laminin + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Laminin/nidogen complex + H2O | cleavage at positions 322, 336, 351, 840 and 953 | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | additional information | no hydrolysis of fibrin | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | additional information | no hydrolysis of native collagens | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | additional information | substrate digestion patterns differ from those of atrolysins A and C | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Nidogen + H2O | basement membrane component, cleavage at positions 75, 296, 336, 402, 478, 625, 702 and 920 | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.44 | Oxidized insulin B-chain + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | Hydrolyzed oxidized insulin B-chain | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Basement membrane preparation + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Basement membranes surrounding capillaries + H2O | involved in disruption of capillary membranes | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Basement membranes surrounding capillaries + H2O | together with atrolysin A member of the class P-III hemorrhagic toxins | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Collagen IV + H2O | basement membrane component | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Fibrinogen + H2O | cleaves gamma-chain, Aalpha and Bbeta-chains remain intact | Crotalus atrox | Hydrolyzed fibrinogen | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Fibronectin + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Gelatin of collagen type I + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Gelatin of collagen type III + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Gelatin of collagen type IV + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Laminin + H2O | basement membrane component | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | additional information | - |
Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Nidogen + H2O | basement membrane component | Crotalus atrox | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.4.24.45 | Oxidized insulin B-chain + H2O | - |
Crotalus atrox | Hydrolyzed oxidized insulin B-chain | - |
? | |
Subunits
| EC Number | Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.4.24.41 | monomer | 1 * 24000, Crotalus atrox, SDS-PAGE | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.42 | monomer | SDS-PAGE | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.42 | monomer | 1 * 24000, Crotalus atrox | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.44 | monomer | 1 * 25700, Crotalus atrox, SDS-PAGE | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.45 | monomer | 1 * 64000, Crotalus atrox, SDS-PAGE | Crotalus atrox |
pH Optimum
| EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.4.24.41 | additional information | - |
pI: 8.2, estimated from amino acid sequence | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.42 | additional information | - |
pI: 6 (isozyme Cc), pI: 6.1 (isozyme Cd) | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.44 | additional information | - |
pI: 5.6 | Crotalus atrox |
| 3.4.24.45 | additional information | - |
pI: 7.7 | Crotalus atrox |
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