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Literature summary extracted from

  • Hatefi, Y.; Stiggall, D.L.
    Metal-containing flavoprotein dehydrogenases (1976), The Enzymes, 3rd Ed. (Boyer, P. D. , ed. ), 13, 175-297.
No PubMed abstract available

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
1.1.3.17 NAD+ stimulation of choline oxidation Rattus norvegicus

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.1.2.3 L-lactate inhibition by excess of substrate, no inhibition with Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzyme Wickerhamomyces anomalus
1.1.2.3 p-mercuribenzoate
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.4 o-phenanthroline
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.3.17 2-chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-methylethanamine nitrogen mustard, strong competitive inhibitor Rattus norvegicus
1.1.3.17 Amytal
-
Rattus norvegicus
1.1.3.17 Betaine aldehyde
-
Rattus norvegicus
1.1.3.17 rotenone
-
Rattus norvegicus
1.8.1.2 arsenite
-
Escherichia coli
1.8.1.2 arsenite
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.8.1.2 CN-
-
Escherichia coli
1.8.1.2 CN-
-
Neurospora crassa
1.8.1.2 CN-
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.8.1.2 CN-
-
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
1.8.1.2 CO
-
Escherichia coli
1.8.1.2 CO
-
Neurospora crassa
1.8.1.2 CO
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.8.1.2 CO
-
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
1.8.1.2 p-Mercuriphenylsulfonate NADPH-dependent reactions Escherichia coli
1.8.1.2 Sulfide reduction of sulfite, nitrite, hydroxylamine by reduced methyl viologen Escherichia coli
1.8.1.2 Sulfide reduction of sulfite, nitrite, hydroxylamine by reduced methyl viologen Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.8.1.2 Sulfide reduction of sulfite, nitrite, hydroxylamine by reduced methyl viologen Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.2.4 0.0054
-
cytochrome c
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.4 0.285
-
D-lactate
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.4 1.4
-
D-2-hydroxybutyrate
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.4 4.45
-
oxidized phenazine methosulfate
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.3.17 7
-
choline at 38°C and pH 7.6 Rattus norvegicus
1.7.1.4 0.000045
-
FAD
-
[Candida] nitratophila
1.7.1.4 0.019
-
nitrite
-
[Candida] nitratophila
1.8.1.2 0.0043 0.0074 sulfite
-
Escherichia coli
1.8.1.2 0.005
-
NADPH
-
Escherichia coli

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
1.1.2.4 mitochondrion
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5739
-
1.1.3.17 mitochondrion membrane-bound Rattus norvegicus 5739
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.1.2.3 Fe2+ bound to enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.3 Fe2+ bound to enzyme Wickerhamomyces anomalus
1.1.2.4 Fe2+ restores activity after inhibition with o-phenanthroline Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.4 ferricyanide not suitable as electron acceptor Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.4 Mn2+ restores activity after inhibition with o-phenanthroline Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.4 Zn2+ very tightly bound to enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.8.99.2 Iron
-
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
1.8.99.2 Iron contains 6-8 gatom of nonheme iron Desulfovibrio vulgaris
1.8.99.2 Iron contains 4 gatom of nonheme iron and 2 gatom of heme iron Thiocapsa roseopersicina
1.8.99.2 Iron contains 8-10 gatom of nonheme iron Thiobacillus thioparus
1.8.99.2 Iron contains 6-11 gatom of nonheme iron Thiobacillus denitrificans

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
1.1.2.3 58600
-
4 * 58600, calculated bases on amino acid sequence and heme extinction coefficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.3 61000
-
4 * 61000 Wickerhamomyces anomalus
1.1.2.3 235000
-
X-ray diffraction studies Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.4 100000
-
sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.8.99.2 170000
-
-
Thiobacillus thioparus
1.8.99.2 170000
-
-
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
1.8.99.2 180000
-
-
Thiobacillus denitrificans
1.8.99.2 180000
-
-
Thiocapsa roseopersicina
1.8.99.2 220000
-
-
Desulfovibrio vulgaris

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.2.3 (S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c Wickerhamomyces anomalus
-
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
?
1.1.2.3 (S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c Saccharomyces cerevisiae can feed electrons to respiratory chain at the level of cytochrome c pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
?
1.1.2.4 (R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
?
1.1.3.17 choline + O2 Rattus norvegicus
-
betaine aldehyde + H2O2
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor Desulfovibrio vulgaris
-
AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor Escherichia coli enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor Klebsiella aerogenes enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor Thiobacillus thioparus enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor Chromatium sp. enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor Desulfovibrio desulfuricans enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor Thiobacillus denitrificans enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor Desulfotomaculum nigrificans enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.2.3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
-
1.1.2.3 Wickerhamomyces anomalus
-
-
-
1.1.2.4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
-
1.1.3.17 Rattus norvegicus
-
rat
-
1.7.1.4 [Candida] nitratophila
-
-
-
1.8.1.2 Escherichia coli
-
-
-
1.8.1.2 Neurospora crassa
-
-
-
1.8.1.2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
-
1.8.1.2 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
-
-
-
1.8.99.2 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans
-
-
-
1.8.99.2 Chromatium sp.
-
weak activity
-
1.8.99.2 Desulfotomaculum nigrificans
-
-
-
1.8.99.2 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
-
-
-
1.8.99.2 Desulfovibrio vulgaris
-
-
-
1.8.99.2 Escherichia coli
-
-
-
1.8.99.2 Klebsiella aerogenes
-
weak activity
-
1.8.99.2 Thiobacillus denitrificans
-
-
-
1.8.99.2 Thiobacillus thioparus
-
-
-
1.8.99.2 Thiocapsa roseopersicina
-
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.1.3.17 liver
-
Rattus norvegicus
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.2.3 (S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
-
Wickerhamomyces anomalus pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
?
1.1.2.3 (S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c D-isomer not oxidized Saccharomyces cerevisiae pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
?
1.1.2.3 (S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c can feed electrons to respiratory chain at the level of cytochrome c Saccharomyces cerevisiae pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
?
1.1.2.3 additional information 2,6-dichloroindophenol, ferricyanide, methylene blue, 1,2-naphthoquinone and cytochrome c can serve as electron acceptors Saccharomyces cerevisiae ?
-
?
1.1.2.3 additional information electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used Saccharomyces cerevisiae ?
-
?
1.1.2.3 additional information electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used Wickerhamomyces anomalus ?
-
?
1.1.2.4 (R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
?
1.1.2.4 (R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
?
1.1.2.4 D-2-hydroxybutyrate + cytochrome c
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2-oxobutanoate + ferrocytochrome c
-
?
1.1.2.4 D-lactate + oxidized phenazine methosulfate
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae pyruvate + reduced phenazine methosulfate + H+
-
r
1.1.3.17 choline + O2
-
Rattus norvegicus betaine aldehyde + H2O2
-
?
1.7.1.4 NAD(P)H + nitrite + H+ specific for NADPH, can utilize reduced benzyl or methyl viologen as electron donor [Candida] nitratophila NAD(P)+ + NH3 + H2O
-
?
1.8.1.2 hydroxylamine + NADPH
-
Escherichia coli ammonia + NADP+
-
?
1.8.1.2 additional information transfer of hydrogen from NADPH to 3-acetylpyridineadenine dinucleotide phosphate Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ?
-
?
1.8.1.2 additional information transfer of hydrogen from NADPH to 3-acetylpyridineadenine dinucleotide phosphate Escherichia coli ?
-
?
1.8.1.2 additional information transfer of hydrogen from NADPH to 3-acetylpyridineadenine dinucleotide phosphate Saccharomyces cerevisiae ?
-
?
1.8.1.2 additional information reduction of sulfite, nitrite, and hydroxylamine by NADPH requires catalytic activities of both subunits, reduction of sulfite, nitrite, and hydroxylamine by methyl viologen requires hemoprotein subunit Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ?
-
?
1.8.1.2 additional information reduction of sulfite, nitrite, and hydroxylamine by NADPH requires catalytic activities of both subunits, reduction of sulfite, nitrite, and hydroxylamine by methyl viologen requires hemoprotein subunit Escherichia coli ?
-
?
1.8.1.2 additional information reduction of sulfite, nitrite, and hydroxylamine by NADPH requires catalytic activities of both subunits, reduction of sulfite, nitrite, and hydroxylamine by methyl viologen requires hemoprotein subunit Saccharomyces cerevisiae ?
-
?
1.8.1.2 additional information reactions of FMN depleted enzyme Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ?
-
?
1.8.1.2 additional information reactions of FMN depleted enzyme Escherichia coli ?
-
?
1.8.1.2 additional information reactions of FMN depleted enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae ?
-
?
1.8.1.2 additional information reactions catalyzed by flavoprotein subunit alone: transfer of electrons from NADPH to cytochrome c, ferricyanide, dichlorphenolindophenol, menadione, FMN, FAD, O2 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ?
-
?
1.8.1.2 additional information reactions catalyzed by flavoprotein subunit alone: transfer of electrons from NADPH to cytochrome c, ferricyanide, dichlorphenolindophenol, menadione, FMN, FAD, O2 Escherichia coli ?
-
?
1.8.1.2 additional information reactions catalyzed by flavoprotein subunit alone: transfer of electrons from NADPH to cytochrome c, ferricyanide, dichlorphenolindophenol, menadione, FMN, FAD, O2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae ?
-
?
1.8.1.2 nitrite + NADPH
-
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ammonia + NADP+
-
?
1.8.1.2 nitrite + NADPH
-
Escherichia coli ammonia + NADP+
-
?
1.8.1.2 nitrite + NADPH
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ammonia + NADP+
-
?
1.8.1.2 nitrite + NADPH
-
Neurospora crassa ammonia + NADP+
-
?
1.8.1.2 sulfite + NADPH reduction of sulfite by reduced methyl viologen is catalyzed by hemoprotein subunit alone Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium sulfide + NADP+ + H2O
-
?
1.8.1.2 sulfite + NADPH reduction of sulfite by reduced methyl viologen is catalyzed by hemoprotein subunit alone Escherichia coli sulfide + NADP+ + H2O
-
?
1.8.1.2 sulfite + NADPH reduction of sulfite by reduced methyl viologen is catalyzed by hemoprotein subunit alone Saccharomyces cerevisiae sulfide + NADP+ + H2O
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor
-
Desulfovibrio vulgaris AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate Escherichia coli AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate Klebsiella aerogenes AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate Thiobacillus thioparus AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate Chromatium sp. AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate Desulfovibrio desulfuricans AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate Thiobacillus denitrificans AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor enzyme reduces adenylyl sulfate that is formed during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate Desulfotomaculum nigrificans AMP + sulfite + acceptor
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced methyl viologen
-
Escherichia coli AMP + sulfite + methyl viologen
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced methyl viologen
-
Klebsiella aerogenes AMP + sulfite + methyl viologen
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced methyl viologen
-
Thiobacillus thioparus AMP + sulfite + methyl viologen
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced methyl viologen
-
Chromatium sp. AMP + sulfite + methyl viologen
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced methyl viologen
-
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans AMP + sulfite + methyl viologen
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced methyl viologen
-
Thiobacillus denitrificans AMP + sulfite + methyl viologen
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced methyl viologen
-
Desulfovibrio vulgaris AMP + sulfite + methyl viologen
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced methyl viologen
-
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans AMP + sulfite + methyl viologen
-
?
1.8.99.2 adenylyl sulfate + reduced methyl viologen
-
Desulfotomaculum nigrificans AMP + sulfite + methyl viologen
-
?
1.8.99.2 AMP + sulfite + cytochrome c
-
Thiobacillus thioparus adenylyl sulfate + ?
-
?
1.8.99.2 AMP + sulfite + cytochrome c
-
Desulfovibrio vulgaris adenylyl sulfate + ?
-
?
1.8.99.2 AMP + sulfite + cytochrome c
-
Thiocapsa roseopersicina adenylyl sulfate + ?
-
?
1.8.99.2 AMP + sulfite + ferricyanide
-
Thiobacillus thioparus adenylyl sulfate + ferrocyanide
-
?
1.8.99.2 AMP + sulfite + ferricyanide
-
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans adenylyl sulfate + ferrocyanide
-
?
1.8.99.2 AMP + sulfite + ferricyanide
-
Thiobacillus denitrificans adenylyl sulfate + ferrocyanide
-
?
1.8.99.2 AMP + sulfite + ferricyanide
-
Desulfovibrio vulgaris adenylyl sulfate + ferrocyanide
-
?
1.8.99.2 AMP + sulfite + ferricyanide
-
Thiocapsa roseopersicina adenylyl sulfate + ferrocyanide
-
?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.1.2.3 tetramer 4 * 61000 Wickerhamomyces anomalus
1.1.2.3 tetramer 4 * 58600, calculated bases on amino acid sequence and heme extinction coefficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.8.1.2 dodecamer alpha8,beta4, 8 * 58000-60000 + 4 * 54000-57000, sedimentation under denaturing conditions Escherichia coli
1.8.1.2 More dissociation of enzyme by 5 m urea into flavoprotein octamer and hemoprotein monomers Escherichia coli

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.8.99.2 7.2
-
reaction with AMP, SO32- and ferricyanide Thiobacillus denitrificans
1.8.99.2 7.4
-
-
Thiobacillus thioparus
1.8.99.2 7.4
-
-
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
1.8.99.2 7.4
-
reaction with AMP, SO32- and ferricyanide Desulfovibrio vulgaris
1.8.99.2 8
-
reaction with AMP, SO32- and ferricyanide Thiocapsa roseopersicina
1.8.99.2 9
-
-
Desulfovibrio vulgaris
1.8.99.2 9
-
reaction with AMP, SO32- and cytochrome c Thiocapsa roseopersicina
1.8.99.2 9.5
-
-
Desulfovibrio vulgaris
1.8.99.2 9.5
-
reaction with AMP, SO32- and cytochrome c Thiobacillus thioparus

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.2.3 cytochrome c
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.3 cytochrome c
-
Wickerhamomyces anomalus
1.1.2.3 FMN one FMN per subunit Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.3 FMN one FMN per subunit Wickerhamomyces anomalus
1.1.2.3 heme one heme per subunit Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.3 heme one heme per subunit Wickerhamomyces anomalus
1.1.2.3 additional information electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.3 additional information electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used Wickerhamomyces anomalus
1.1.2.3 additional information 2,6-dichloroindophenol, ferricyanide, methylene blue, 1,2-naphthoquinone and cytochrome c can serve as electron acceptors Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.4 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol can substitute for cytochrome c Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.4 cytochrome c
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.4 FAD
-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.2.4 phenazine methosulfate can substitute for cytochrome c Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.8.99.2 FAD enzyme contains 1 mol of FAD per mol of enzyme Thiobacillus thioparus
1.8.99.2 FAD enzyme contains 1 mol of FAD per mol of enzyme Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
1.8.99.2 FAD enzyme contains 1 mol of FAD per mol of enzyme Thiobacillus denitrificans
1.8.99.2 FAD enzyme contains 1 mol of FAD per mol of enzyme Desulfovibrio vulgaris
1.8.99.2 FAD enzyme contains 1 mol of FAD per mol of enzyme Thiocapsa roseopersicina

Ki Value [mM]

EC Number Ki Value [mM] Ki Value maximum [mM] Inhibitor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.3.17 2
-
Betaine aldehyde oxidation of choline is competitively inhibited Rattus norvegicus