Any feedback?
Literature summary extracted from
- An overview of gamma-hydroxybutyrate catabolism: the role of the cytosolic NADP+-dependent oxidoreductase EC 1.1.1.19 and of a mitochondrial hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase in the initial, rate-limiting step in this pathway (1991), Neurochem. Res., 16, 965-974.
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.19 | 2-mercaptoethanol | - |
Mesocricetus auratus |  |
| 1.1.1.19 | 2-mercaptoethanol | preincubation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate reductase revealed no inhibitory effect | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | acetoacetate | - |
Mesocricetus auratus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | acetoacetate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | alpha-ketoglutarate | - |
Mesocricetus auratus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | alpha-ketoglutarate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | branched alpha-ketoacids | - |
Mesocricetus auratus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | branched alpha-ketoacids | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | dithiothreitol | - |
Mesocricetus auratus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | dithiothreitol | preincubation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate reductase revealed no inhibitory effect | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate | - |
Mesocricetus auratus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | phenylacetate | - |
Mesocricetus auratus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | phenylacetate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | Salicylates | - |
Mesocricetus auratus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | Salicylates | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
KM Value [mM]
| EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.19 | 0.00045 | - |
gamma-hydroxybutyrate | coupled reaction of gamma-hydroxybutyrate oxidation and D-glucuronate reduction, brain and kidney | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | 0.00045 | - |
gamma-hydroxybutyrate | enzyme from brain, D-glucuronate reduction-coupled assay | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | 0.0022 | - |
gamma-hydroxybutyrate | kidney | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | 0.0022 | - |
gamma-hydroxybutyrate | enzyme from kidney, uncoupled assay | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | 0.0025 | - |
gamma-hydroxybutyrate | brain | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | 0.0025 | - |
gamma-hydroxybutyrate | enzyme from brain, uncoupled assay | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.0046 | - |
Succinic semialdehyde | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.018 | - |
2-oxoglutarate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.3 | - |
4-hydroxybutyrate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.42 | - |
D-2-hydroxyglutarate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 3 | - |
L-3-hydroxybutyrate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.19 | D-glucuronate + NADPH | Homo sapiens | - |
L-gulonate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 1.1.1.19 | D-glucuronate + NADPH | Rattus norvegicus | - |
L-gulonate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 1.1.1.19 | gamma-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+ | Mesocricetus auratus | preverably in a coupled reaction in vivo with reduction of D-glucuronate | succinic semialdehyde + NADPH | - |
? | |
| 1.1.1.19 | L-gulonate + NADP+ | Homo sapiens | - |
D-glucuronate + NADPH | - |
r | |
| 1.1.1.19 | L-gulonate + NADP+ | Rattus norvegicus | - |
D-glucuronate + NADPH | - |
r | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.19 | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| 1.1.1.19 | Mesocricetus auratus | - |
- |
- |
| 1.1.1.19 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
| 1.1.99.24 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| EC Number | Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.19 | - |
Mesocricetus auratus |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.19 | brain | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.1.1.19 | kidney | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.1.1.19 | kidney | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.1.1.19 | liver | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.1.1.19 | liver | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.1.1.19 | liver | - |
Mesocricetus auratus | - |
| 1.1.1.19 | muscle | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| EC Number | Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | additional information | - |
0.0166 micromol/min*g brain tissue | Rattus norvegicus |
| 1.1.99.24 | additional information | - |
0.172 micromol/min*g kidney tissue | Rattus norvegicus |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.19 | D-glucuronate + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | L-gulonate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 1.1.1.19 | D-glucuronate + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | L-gulonate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 1.1.1.19 | gamma-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+ | - |
Mesocricetus auratus | succinic semialdehyde + NADPH | - |
? | |
| 1.1.1.19 | gamma-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+ | preverably in a coupled reaction in vivo with reduction of D-glucuronate | Mesocricetus auratus | succinic semialdehyde + NADPH | - |
? | |
| 1.1.1.19 | gamma-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+ | - |
Rattus norvegicus | succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
r | |
| 1.1.1.19 | L-gulonate + NADP+ | - |
Homo sapiens | D-glucuronate + NADPH | - |
r | |
| 1.1.1.19 | L-gulonate + NADP+ | - |
Rattus norvegicus | D-glucuronate + NADPH | - |
r | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 4-hydroxybutyrate + 2-oxoglutarate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | succinic semialdehyde + 2-hydroxyglutarate | - |
r | |
| 1.1.99.24 | D-2-hydroxyglutarate + succinic semialdehyde | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 2-oxoglutarate + 4-hydroxybutyrate | - |
? | |
| 1.1.99.24 | L-3-hydroxybutyrate + 2-oxoglutarate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | acetoacetate + 2-oxoglutarate | - |
? | |
| 1.1.99.24 | L-3-hydroxybutyrate + succinic semialdehyde | - |
Rattus norvegicus | acetoacetate + 4-hydroxybutyrate | - |
? | |
pH Optimum
| EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.19 | 7 | - |
shifted pH-optimum for the coupled reaction of oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and reduction of D-glucuronate in vitro | Mesocricetus auratus |
| 1.1.1.19 | 7.5 | - |
- |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 1.1.1.19 | 7.5 | - |
in vivo for coupled reaction of gamma-hydroxybutyrate oxidation and D-glucuronate reduction | Mesocricetus auratus |
| 1.1.1.19 | 9 | - |
substrate gamma-hydroxybutyrate, at pH 7.0 activity is reduced by 50% | Mesocricetus auratus |
pH Range
| EC Number | pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.19 | 7 | 10 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 1.1.1.19 | 7 | 10 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 1.1.1.19 | 7 | 10 | - |
Mesocricetus auratus |
Cofactor
| EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.19 | NADP+ | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.1.1.19 | NADP+ | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | NADP+ | - |
Mesocricetus auratus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.1.1.19 | NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.1.19 | NADPH | - |
Mesocricetus auratus | |
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