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Literature summary for 7.6.2.1 extracted from
- Phospholipid scramblases: an overview (2007), Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 462, 103-114.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| DNA and amino acid sequence analysis | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| DNA and amino acid sequence analysis, PLSCR1, PLSCR2 and PLSCR4 are closely clustered on the small arm of chromosome 3q23 | Mus musculus |
| DNA and amino acid sequence analysis, PLSCR1, PLSCR2 and PLSCR4 are closely clustered on the small arm of chromosome 3q23 | Homo sapiens |
| DNA and amino acid sequence analysis, PLSCR1, PLSCR2 and PLSCR4 are closely clustered on the small arm of chromosome 3q23. The region comprising residues M86-E118 in PLSCR1 interacts with the promoter of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1 | Homo sapiens |
| DNA and amino acid sequence analysis, PLSCR3 is localized to chromosome 17 | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | a disruption of PLSCR3 gene diminishes the translocation of CL from inner membrane to the outer membrane in cultured HeLa cells, and also decreases their sensitivity to UV and t-Bid induced apoptosis | Homo sapiens |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| membrane | transmembrane protein | Mus musculus | 16020 | - |
| membrane | transmembrane protein | Homo sapiens | 16020 | - |
| membrane | transmembrane protein | Caenorhabditis elegans | 16020 | - |
| mitochondrial inner membrane | - |
Homo sapiens | 5743 | - |
| nucleus | PLSCR1 | Mus musculus | 5634 | - |
| nucleus | PLSCR1 containing a nuclear localization signal | Homo sapiens | 5634 | - |
| plasma membrane | - |
Mus musculus | 5886 | - |
| plasma membrane | - |
Homo sapiens | 5886 | - |
| plasma membrane | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans | 5886 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ca2+ | activates | Caenorhabditis elegans |  |
| Ca2+ | activates | Homo sapiens | |
| Ca2+ | activates, dependent on for redistibution of plasma membrane phospholipids, the enzyme contains a EF-hand-like Ca2+ binding motif, overview | Mus musculus | |
| Ca2+ | activates, dependent on for redistibution of plasma membrane phospholipids, the enzyme contains a EF-hand-like Ca2+ binding motif, overview. A 1000fold increase in cytosolic Ca2+ level in response to cell activation, coagulation and apoptotic signal inactivates the ATP transporters and activates the PLSCR. This exposes PS on the cell surface, enabling the engulfment of the cell by the macrophages or binding of prothrombinase complex to activate blood coagulation cascade | Homo sapiens | |
| Ca2+ | dependent on for redistibution of plasma membrane phospholipids, the enzyme contains a EF-hand-like Ca2+ binding motif, overview | Mus musculus | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37000 | - |
x * 37000, PLSCR1 | Mus musculus |
| 37000 | - |
x * 37000, PLSCR1 | Homo sapiens |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | Homo sapiens | PLSCR1 acts as signaling molecule and is involved in redistribution of plasma membrane phospholipids triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+. The enzyme plays a role in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis, and is involved in the Scott syndrome, detailed overview | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Mus musculus | PLSCR1 acts as signaling molecule and is involved in redistribution of plasma membrane phospholipids triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+. The enzyme plays a role in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis, and is involved in the Scott syndrome, detailed overview | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Caenorhabditis elegans | the enzyme is responsible for maintainance of the asymmetric phospholipid distribution in plasma membranes in apoptotic cells, redistribution of plasma membrane phospholipids is triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+. The enzyme plays a role in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis, and is involved in the Scott syndrome, detailed overview | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Homo sapiens | the enzyme is responsible for maintainance of the asymmetric phospholipid distribution in plasma membranes in apoptotic cells, redistribution of plasma membrane phospholipids is triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+. The enzyme plays a role in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis, and is involved in the Scott syndrome, detailed overview | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Homo sapiens | the enzyme is responsible for maintainance of the asymmetric phospholipid distribution in plasma membranes in apoptotic cells. It plays a role in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis, and is involved in the Scott syndrome, detailed overview. PLSCR3 is involved in regulation of de novo biosynthesis and resynthesis of cardiolipin in mitochondria transporting the lipid from the inner membrane to the outer mitochondrial membrane, phosphorylated PLSCR3 facilitates mitochondrial targeting of t-Bid that is an essential requirement in caspase-8 mediated apoptosis | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Mus musculus | The enzyme plays a role in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis, and is involved in the Scott syndrome, detailed overview | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caenorhabditis elegans | Q21318 | - |
- |
| Homo sapiens | O15162 | PLSCR1 | - |
| Homo sapiens | Q9NRQ2 | PLSCR4 | - |
| Homo sapiens | Q9NRY6 | PLSCR3 | - |
| Homo sapiens | Q9NRY7 | PLSCR2 | - |
| Mus musculus | P58196 | PLSCR4 | - |
| Mus musculus | Q9JJ00 | PLSCR1 | - |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| lipoprotein | PLSCR contains a palmitoylation motif as the site of palmitoylation by a thioester linkage to the sulfhydryl groups of cysteines that regulates its trafficking either to nucleus or to the plasma membrane | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| lipoprotein | PLSCR1 contains a palmitoylation motif as the site of palmitoylation by a thioester linkage to the sulfhydryl groups of cysteines that regulates its trafficking either to nucleus or to the plasma membrane | Mus musculus |
| lipoprotein | PLSCR1 contains the cysteine rich palmitoylation motif [184CCCPCC189]. This sequence is the site of palmitoylation by a thioester linkage to the sulfhydryl groups of cysteines that regulates its trafficking either to nucleus or to the plasma membrane | Homo sapiens |
| lipoprotein | PLSCR2 contains the cysteine rich palmitoylation motif [184CCCPCC189], this sequence is the site of palmitoylation by a thioester linkage to the sulfhydryl groups of cysteines that regulates its trafficking either to nucleus or to the plasma membrane | Homo sapiens |
| lipoprotein | PLSCR3 contains a palmitoylation motif as the site of palmitoylation by a thioester linkage to the sulfhydryl groups of cysteines that regulates its trafficking either to nucleus or to the plasma membrane | Homo sapiens |
| lipoprotein | PLSCR4 contains a palmitoylation motif as the site of palmitoylation by a thioester linkage to the sulfhydryl groups of cysteines that regulates its trafficking either to nucleus or to the plasma membrane | Mus musculus |
| lipoprotein | PLSCR4 contains a palmitoylation motif as the site of palmitoylation by a thioester linkage to the sulfhydryl groups of cysteines that regulates its trafficking either to nucleus or to the plasma membrane | Homo sapiens |
| phosphoprotein | PLSCR1 is phosphorylated by PKCdelta at Thr-161 during PKC-delta induced apoptosis | Homo sapiens |
| phosphoprotein | PLSCR3 is phosphorylated by PKCdelta at Thr-21 during PKC-delta induced apoptosis | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| erythrocyte | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| erythrocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| lymphocyte | peripheral blood | Mus musculus | - |
| lymphocyte | peripheral blood | Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | PLSCR1 is not detected in the brain | Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | PLSCR1 is not detected in the brain | Mus musculus | - |
| additional information | PLSCR3 is not detected in the brain | Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | PLSCR4 is not expressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes | Mus musculus | - |
| additional information | PLSCR4 is not expressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes | Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | PLSCR1 acts as signaling molecule and is involved in redistribution of plasma membrane phospholipids triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+. The enzyme plays a role in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis, and is involved in the Scott syndrome, detailed overview | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | PLSCR1 acts as signaling molecule and is involved in redistribution of plasma membrane phospholipids triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+. The enzyme plays a role in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis, and is involved in the Scott syndrome, detailed overview | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme is responsible for maintainance of the asymmetric phospholipid distribution in plasma membranes in apoptotic cells, redistribution of plasma membrane phospholipids is triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+. The enzyme plays a role in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis, and is involved in the Scott syndrome, detailed overview | Caenorhabditis elegans | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme is responsible for maintainance of the asymmetric phospholipid distribution in plasma membranes in apoptotic cells, redistribution of plasma membrane phospholipids is triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+. The enzyme plays a role in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis, and is involved in the Scott syndrome, detailed overview | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme is responsible for maintainance of the asymmetric phospholipid distribution in plasma membranes in apoptotic cells. It plays a role in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis, and is involved in the Scott syndrome, detailed overview. PLSCR3 is involved in regulation of de novo biosynthesis and resynthesis of cardiolipin in mitochondria transporting the lipid from the inner membrane to the outer mitochondrial membrane, phosphorylated PLSCR3 facilitates mitochondrial targeting of t-Bid that is an essential requirement in caspase-8 mediated apoptosis | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | The enzyme plays a role in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and thrombosis, and is involved in the Scott syndrome, detailed overview | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | calcium-induced phospholipid scrambling is bidirectional, reversible and insensitive to phospholipid head group, PLSCR1 is neither sufficient nor necessary for the phosphatidylserine externalization | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | calcium-induced phospholipid scrambling is bidirectional, reversible and insensitive to phospholipid head group, PLSCR1 is neither sufficient nor necessary for the phosphatidylserine externalization, a 1000fold increase in cytosolic Ca2+ level in response to cell activation, coagulation and apoptotic signal inactivates the ATP transporters and activates the PLSCR. This exposes PS on the cell surface, enabling the engulfment of the cell by the macrophages or binding of prothrombinase complex to activate blood coagulation cascade | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | calcium-induced phospholipid scrambling is bidirectional, reversible and insensitive to phospholipid head group, scramblase catalyzes the externalization of phosphatidylserine to the cell surface | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | calcium-induced phospholipid scrambling is bidirectional, reversible and insensitive to phospholipid head group, scramblase catalyzes the externalization of phosphatidylserine to the cell surface, although PLSCR1 is neither sufficient nor necessary for the phosphatidylserine externalization | Caenorhabditis elegans | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | calcium-induced phospholipid scrambling is bidirectional, reversible and insensitive to phospholipid head group, the scramblase catalyzes the externalization of phosphatidylserine to the cell surface | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | calcium-induced phospholipid scrambling is bidirectional, reversible and insensitive to phospholipid head group, the scramblase catalyzes the externalization of phosphatidylserine to the cell surface | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ? | x * 37000, PLSCR1 | Mus musculus |
| ? | x * 37000, PLSCR1 | Homo sapiens |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| aminophospholipid transporter | - |
Mus musculus |
| aminophospholipid transporter | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
| aminophospholipid transporter | - |
Homo sapiens |
| APLT | - |
Mus musculus |
| APLT | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
| APLT | - |
Homo sapiens |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the phospholipid flippases or scramblases | Mus musculus |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the phospholipid flippases or scramblases | Homo sapiens |
| More | the enzyme belongs to the phospholipid flippases or scramblases | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| PL scramblase | - |
Mus musculus |
| PL scramblase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| PL scramblase | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
| PLSCR1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| PLSCR1 | - |
Mus musculus |
| PLSCR2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| PLSCR3 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| PLSCR4 | - |
Mus musculus |
| PLSCR4 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| scramblase | - |
Mus musculus |
| scramblase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| scramblase | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
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