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Literature summary for 6.3.4.2 extracted from
- CTP synthetase and its role in phospholipid synthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2008), Prog. Lipid Res., 47, 333-339.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | the URA7-encoded enzyme is phosphorylated by protein kinases A and C at Ser424, and these phosphorylations stimulate CTP synthetase activity and increase cellular CTP levels and the utilization of the Kennedy pathway | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| functional expression of human CTPS1 and CTPS2 genes that encode CTP synthetase enzymes in enzyme-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae ura7D/ura8D double mutant, complementation | Homo sapiens |
| genes ura7D and ura8D, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression analysis | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | the ura7D/ura8D double mutant, that lacks CTP synthetase activity, shows a lethal phenotype, which can be rescued by functional expression of human CTPS1 and CTPS2 genes that encode CTP synthetase enzymes. In an ura8 mutant, CTP levels are 22% lower than in wild-type, whereas the CTP concentration in an ura7 mutant is 64% lower than in wild-type | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| CTP | allosteric regulation, product inhibition | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |  |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cytosol | - |
Homo sapiens | 5829 | - |
| cytosol | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 5829 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| Mg2+ | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + UTP + glutamine | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | CTP synthetase is a cytosolic-associated glutamine amidotransferase enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent transfer of the amide nitrogen from glutamine to the C-4 position of UTP to form CTP. CTP is an essential precursor of all membrane phospholipids that are synthesized via the Kennedy, i.e. CDP-choline and CDP-ethanolamine branches, and CDP-diacylglycerol pathways. The URA7-encoded CTP synthetase is responsible for the majority of the CTP made in vivo. Regulation mechanisms, detailed overview | ADP + phosphate + CTP + L-glutamate | - |
? | |
| ATP + UTP + glutamine | Homo sapiens | the CTPS1-encoded enzyme is regulated by reversible phosphorylation at Thr455, regulation mechanisms, overview | ADP + phosphate + CTP + L-glutamate | - |
? | |
| additional information | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | the enzyme is allosterically regulated by CTP product inhibition and by reversible phosphorylation | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | - |
genes CTPS1 and CTPS2 | - |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | - |
URA7 and URA8 genes encoding CTP synthetase | - |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| phosphoprotein | the CTPS1-encoded enzyme is phosphorylated by protein kinases A and C at Thr455, and these phosphorylations stimulate CTP synthetase activity and increase cellular CTP levels and the utilization of the Kennedy pathway | Homo sapiens |
| phosphoprotein | the URA7-encoded enzyme is phosphorylated at Ser424 by protein kinases A and C, and these phosphorylations stimulate CTP synthetase activity and increase cellular CTP levels and the utilization of the Kennedy pathway | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | the URA7 mRNA is 2-fold more abundant than the URA8 transcript | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + UTP + glutamine | - |
Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphate + CTP + L-glutamate | - |
? | |
| ATP + UTP + glutamine | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ADP + phosphate + CTP + L-glutamate | - |
? | |
| ATP + UTP + glutamine | CTP synthetase is a cytosolic-associated glutamine amidotransferase enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent transfer of the amide nitrogen from glutamine to the C-4 position of UTP to form CTP. CTP is an essential precursor of all membrane phospholipids that are synthesized via the Kennedy, i.e. CDP-choline and CDP-ethanolamine branches, and CDP-diacylglycerol pathways. The URA7-encoded CTP synthetase is responsible for the majority of the CTP made in vivo. Regulation mechanisms, detailed overview | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ADP + phosphate + CTP + L-glutamate | - |
? | |
| ATP + UTP + glutamine | the CTPS1-encoded enzyme is regulated by reversible phosphorylation at Thr455, regulation mechanisms, overview | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphate + CTP + L-glutamate | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme is allosterically regulated by CTP product inhibition and by reversible phosphorylation | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| CTP synthetase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| CTP synthetase | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| CTPS | - |
Homo sapiens |
| CTPS | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| CTPS1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| CTPS2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | dependent on | Homo sapiens | |
| ATP | dependent on | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
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