Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
synthesis | Rhodosporidium diobovatum with its GSH1 and GSH2 genes can be useful for industrial GSH production | Rhodotorula diobovata |
Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene GSH1 or GCL, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) | Rhodotorula diobovata |
gene GSH2, screening and DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21 | Rhodotorula diobovata |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | deletion of genes GSH1 and GSH2 (encoding glutathione synthetase) using the CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease system | Rhodotorula diobovata |
additional information | generation of an GSH2 enzyme deletion mutant using the CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease system | Rhodotorula diobovata |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | the enzyme has no N-terminal sequences that conforms to the physicochemical properties of a signal peptides or a mitochondrial transit peptides | Rhodotorula diobovata | - |
- |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mg2+ | required | Rhodotorula diobovata |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine | Rhodotorula diobovata | - |
ADP + phosphate + glutathione | - |
? | |
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine | Rhodotorula diobovata MCCC 2A00023 | - |
ADP + phosphate + glutathione | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Rhodotorula diobovata | A0A0U3DG08 | - |
- |
Rhodotorula diobovata MCCC 2A00023 | A0A0U3DG08 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
cell culture | optimal fermentation conditions are 25°C, 2 days, pH 6.0, and aeration level 1 vvm | Rhodotorula diobovata | - |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
0.38 | - |
pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Rhodotorula diobovata |
0.38 | - |
simulated calculations, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Rhodotorula diobovata |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine | - |
Rhodotorula diobovata | ADP + phosphate + glutathione | - |
? | |
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine | - |
Rhodotorula diobovata MCCC 2A00023 | ADP + phosphate + glutathione | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
? | x * 56600, about, sequence calculation | Rhodotorula diobovata |
More | secondary structure analysis, overview | Rhodotorula diobovata |
More | enzyme secondary structure analysis, the Gsh2 protein has no transmembrane helices | Rhodotorula diobovata |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
glutamate cysteine ligase | - |
Rhodotorula diobovata |
GSH-S | - |
Rhodotorula diobovata |
GSH-S | gene name, UniProt | Rhodotorula diobovata |
GSH2 | - |
Rhodotorula diobovata |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
ATP | - |
Rhodotorula diobovata |
Organism | Comment | pI Value Maximum | pI Value |
---|---|---|---|
Rhodotorula diobovata | sequence calculation | - |
5.31 |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
evolution | Gsh2 belongs to the eu-GS superfamily | Rhodotorula diobovata |
evolution | the enzyme encoded by GSH2 belongs to the eu-GC superfamily | Rhodotorula diobovata |
malfunction | a gene disruptant mutant strain without GSH2 gene grows poorly because GSH2 encoes the second step in GSH synthesis, the dipeptide intermediate, gamma-glutamylcysteine, can partially substitute for GSH | Rhodotorula diobovata |
metabolism | the enzyme catalyzes the second step of ATP-dependent glutathione biosynthesis from L-glutamate and L-cysteine | Rhodotorula diobovata |
metabolism | the enzyme catalyzes the second step of ATP-dependent glutathione biosynthesis from L-glutamate and L-cysteine. GSH production occurs through two mechanisms: de novo synthesis and GSSG recycling. De novo synthesis occurs in a two-step reaction catalyzed by the two separate enzymes, glutamate cysteine ligase, EC 6.3.2.2, and glutathione synthetase | Rhodotorula diobovata |
physiological function | the enzyme is important in the biosynthesis of glutathione, the rate of GSH formation is limited by Gsh1 (EC 6.3.2.2), catalyzing the first step of the pathway | Rhodotorula diobovata |
physiological function | the enzyme is required for biosynthesis of glutathione. Glutathione (GSH) fulfills a variety of metabolic functions, participates in oxidative stress response, and defends against toxic actions of heavy metals and xenobiotics | Rhodotorula diobovata |