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Literature summary for 6.3.2.3 extracted from

  • Bahia, P.K.; Rattray, M.; Williams, R.J.
    Dietary flavonoid (-)epicatechin stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent anti-oxidant response element activity and up-regulates glutathione in cortical astrocytes (2008), J. Neurochem., 106, 2194-2204.
    View publication on PubMed
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Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
additional information (-)epicatechin upregulates the anti-oxidant response element, ARE, via an phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway, ARE promotes the expression of protective proteins including those required for glutathione synthesis, i.e. the xCT cystine antiporter, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthase, in cortical astrocytes, but not in neurons, overview, cyclic AMP response element and 3'-O-methyl-epicatechin play no significant role in enzyme upregulation Mus musculus

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Mg2+
-
 Mus musculus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine Mus musculus
-
 ADP + phosphate + glutathione
-
 ?
additional information Mus musculus the anti-oxidant response element promotes the expression of protective proteins including those required for glutathione synthesis, i.e. the xCT cystine antiporter, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthase, overview ?
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Mus musculus
-
 swiss mice
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
astrocyte primary cortical astrocytes Mus musculus
-
brain
-
 Mus musculus
-
neuron primary Mus musculus
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine
-
 Mus musculus ADP + phosphate + glutathione
-
 ?
additional information the anti-oxidant response element promotes the expression of protective proteins including those required for glutathione synthesis, i.e. the xCT cystine antiporter, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthase, overview Mus musculus ?
-
 ?

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7
-
 assay at Mus musculus

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
ATP
-
 Mus musculus