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Literature summary for 5.3.1.4 extracted from
- Purification and characterization of an L-arabinose isomerase from an isolated strain of Geobacillus thermodenitrificans producing D-tagatose (2005), J. Biotechnol., 120, 162-173.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| iso-inositol | enhances activity to 108% | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |  |
| mannitol | enhances activity to 105% | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| nutrition | AI from Bacillus thermodenitrificans can be useful for the industrial production of D-tagatose because its optimum temperature is the highest reported for thermophilic AIs and because its activity does not require the addition of Co2+ | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| expression in Escherichia coli | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dulcitol | remaining activity 72.9% | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| erythritol | remaining activity 50.0% | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| L-arabitol | remaining activity 11.2% | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| ribitol | strongest competitive inhibitor, no detectable activity left | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| xylitol | remaining activity 50.0% | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 142 | - |
L-arabinose | - |
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| 227 | - |
D-galactose | in the presence of 10 mM Mn2+, enzyme treated with EDTA | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| 408 | - |
D-galactose | - |
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| 2564 | - |
D-galactose | in the presence of 1 mM Mn2+, enzyme treated with EDTA | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ba2+ | inhibits galactose isomerization, remaining activity 94% | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| Ca2+ | enhances galactose isomerization by 12% | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| Co2+ | enhances galactose isomerization by 11%, maximum activity occurs at 3 mM Mn2+ | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| Cu2+ | inhibits galactose isomerization remaining activity 42% | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| Fe2+ | inhibits galactose isomerization remaining activity 98% | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| Mg2+ | enhances galactose isomerization by 9% | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| Mn2+ | required to achieve maximum activity, competitive activator, increases thermal stability of AI, enhances galactose isomerization by 34%, maximum activity occurs at 5 mM Mn2+ | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| additional information | the enzyme has no activity in the absence of metal ions | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 56000 | - |
monomer, SDS-PAGE | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
| 56120 | - |
monomer, calculated from amino acid sequence | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
| 230000 | - |
gel filtration chromatography | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-galactose | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | - |
D-tagatose | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | Q6W9D4 | - |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| recombinant enzyme, final purity about 97% | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.056 | - |
crude extract | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
| 0.122 | - |
after ammonium sulfate precipitation | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
| 0.163 | - |
after heat treatment | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
| 1 | - |
after Hi-trap Q ion exchange chromatography | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
| 1.72 | - |
after Biogel hydroxyapatite ion exchange chromatography | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
| 2.1 | - |
purified recombinant enzyme ion exchange chromatography | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-allose | 16%, relative activity compared to activity with D-galactose | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | D-psicose | - |
? | |
| D-Fucose | 9.3%, relative activity compared to activity with D-galactose | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | ? | - |
? | |
| D-galactose | - |
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | D-tagatose | - |
? | |
| D-galactose | 100% activity | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | D-tagatose | - |
? | |
| D-gulose | 1.3%, relative activity compared to activity with D-galactose | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | D-sorbose | - |
? | |
| D-ribulose | 12%, relative activity compared to activity with D-galactose | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | ? | - |
? | |
| D-Xylose | 7.0%, relative activity compared to activity with D-galactose | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | D-Xylulose | - |
? | |
| L-arabinose | 1482%, relative activity compared to activity with D-galactose | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | L-ribulose | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| tetramer | 4 * 56000, SDS-PAGE, gel filtration | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| AI | - |
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
| L-arabinose isomerase | - |
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 70 | - |
- |
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
Temperature Range [°C]
| Temperature Minimum [°C] | Temperature Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60 | 70 | - |
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
Temperature Stability [°C]
| Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60 | 65 | stable at temperatures below 60°C, above 65°C the enzyme activity decreases with increasing reaction time, the enzyme has a half-life of 1316 min at 65°C, 203 min at 70°C, 30.5 min at 75°C, 24.9 min at 80°C, EDTA treated enzyme has a half-life of 366 min at 70°C with Mn2+, 229 min at 75°C with Mn2+, 41.7 min at 70°C without Mn2+ and 29.8 min at 75°C without Mn2+ | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
Turnover Number [1/s]
| Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.4 | - |
D-galactose | - |
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| 113.6 | - |
L-arabinose | - |
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8.5 | - |
- |
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
pH Stability
| pH Stability | pH Stability Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | 8 | the enzyme has a half-life of 1298 min at pH 7.0, 3866 min at pH 7.5, 2321 min at pH 8.0, 1320 min at pH 8.5, 343 min at pH 9.0 | Geobacillus thermodenitrificans |
Ki Value [mM]
| Ki Value [mM] | Ki Value maximum [mM] | Inhibitor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.5 | - |
ribitol | - |
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
| 36 | - |
L-arabitol | - |
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans | |
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