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Literature summary for 4.6.1.1 extracted from
- Regulatory properties of adenylate cyclases type 5 and 6: A progress report (2006), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 535, 1-12.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epidermal growth factor | increases cAMP accumulation in a GTP-dependent manner, enhances AC5 activity via phosphorylation of Galphas on one or more tyrosine residues | Rattus norvegicus |  |
| forskolin | - |
Mus musculus | |
| forskolin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| Galphas | - |
Mus musculus | |
| Galphas | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| isoproterenol | isoproterenol-stimulated AC activity is potentiated by bile salts activation of PKCalpha and delta | Homo sapiens | |
| additional information | delta-opoid receptor activation sensitizes subsequent stimulation of AC6 signaling and enhances AC6 phosphorylation | Cricetulus griseus | |
| PMA | potentiates drug-stimulated cAMP accumulation | Cricetulus griseus | |
| PMA | potentiates drug-stimulated cAMP accumulation | Mus musculus | |
| relaxin | AC5 activity is potentiated by PKCzeta after exposure to relaxin | Homo sapiens |
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| medicine | AC6 improves function in Galphaq-hypertrophic pigs | Sus scrofa |
| medicine | AC6, but not AC5, mRNA is decreased in rats with cardiac hypertrophy after myocardial infarction, overexpression of AC6 in cardiac fibroblasts impairs collagen synthesis in response to serum or other activators | Rattus norvegicus |
| medicine | overexpression of AC6 or drug-stimulated cAMP accumulation in WI-38 lung fibroblast attenuates fibrosis | Homo sapiens |
| medicine | overexpression of AC6 prevents development of cardiac hypertrophy, restores normal cardiac function, improves mortality rate, and contractile function. Overexpression of AC5 also restores cAMP signaling and contractile deficits, but cardiac hypertrophy still develops. Decreased AC5 expression does not diminish cardiac funcition, may be beneficial in mice experiencing artificial pressure overload | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ca2+ | bradykinin receptor-mediated increases in the release of intracellular calcium inhibits AC6 activity | Rattus norvegicus | |
| additional information | sensitization of cAMP response is attenuated by PKC and Raf1 inhibitors | Cricetulus griseus | |
| additional information | Galpha0 is not sufficient to inhibit AC5 or AC6, inhibition requires an intact cell membrane or additional protein interactions that are absent in a reconstituted in vitro system | Rattus norvegicus | |
| NO | inhibits forskolin- and Galphas-stimulated activity of recombinant AC5 and AC6, but neither AC1 nor AC2 in N18TG2 cells | Mus musculus | |
| NO | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| PKC | inhibits AC6 activity | Rattus norvegicus | |
| vitamin D | decreases parathyroid-induced stimulation of AC6 and induces a phosphorylation of AC6 in a PKC-dependent manner | Rattus norvegicus | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| membrane | - |
Mus musculus | 16020 | - |
| membrane | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 16020 | - |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cricetulus griseus | - |
- |
- |
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
| Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
| Sus scrofa | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| brain | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| CAD cell | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| CHO cell | - |
Cricetulus griseus | - |
| gall bladder epithelium | AC5 and AC7 | Homo sapiens | - |
| GH4-C1 cell | AC4 and AC6 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| heart | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| heart | - |
Sus scrofa | - |
| intestinal epithelium | AC5 and AC6 | Mus musculus | - |
| MCF-7 cell | AC5 | Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | C6 glioma cell primarly expresses AC6, cardiomycete, in cardiac fibroblast AC6 present, in striatal neurons AC5 and AC6 present | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| N18TG2 cell | primarly expresses AC6 | Mus musculus | - |
| pineal gland | AC6 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| UMR-106 cell | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| WI-38 cell | AC6 | Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | - |
Cricetulus griseus | 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP | - |
Mus musculus | 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP | - |
Homo sapiens | 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| ATP | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 3',5'-cAMP + diphosphate | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| AC1 | - |
Mus musculus |
| AC2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| AC4 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| AC5 | - |
Mus musculus |
| AC5 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| AC5 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| AC6 | - |
Cricetulus griseus |
| AC6 | - |
Mus musculus |
| AC6 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| AC6 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| AC6 | - |
Sus scrofa |
| AC7 | - |
Homo sapiens |
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