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Literature summary for 4.3.1.24 extracted from

  • Zhang, X.; Liu, C.J.
    Multifaceted regulations of gateway enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids (2015), Mol. Plant, 8, 17-27 .
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 4.3.1.24

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
L-phenylalanine Arabidopsis thaliana the enzyme is involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis trans-cinnamate + NH3
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Arabidopsis thaliana P35510
-
-
Arabidopsis thaliana P45724
-
-
Arabidopsis thaliana P45725
-
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Q9SS45
-
-

Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
ubiquitination
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
inflorescence vascular tissue, AtPAL1 and AtPAL2 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
leaf vascular tissue, AtPAL1 and AtPAL2 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
root vascular tissue, AtPAL1 and AtPAL2 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
seedling AtPAL1 and AtPAL2 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
vascular tissue AtPAL1 and AtPAL2 Arabidopsis thaliana
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
L-phenylalanine
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana trans-cinnamate + NH3
-
 ?
L-phenylalanine the enzyme is involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis Arabidopsis thaliana trans-cinnamate + NH3
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
AtPAL-1
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
AtPAL-2
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
AtPAL-3
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
AtPAL-4
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Arabidopsis thaliana isogenes AtPAL-1, -2, and -4 have much higher expression levels than AtPAL-3 additional information
Arabidopsis thaliana nitrogen depletion induces the expression of PAL1 and PAL2 up

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction the pal1 pal2 double knockout mutant is almost devoid of flavonoids Arabidopsis thaliana
metabolism AtPAL isogenes differentially respond to environmental stresses and AtPAL1 and AtPAL2 have functional specialization in environmentally triggered phenolic synthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
metabolism isogenes AtPAL1, 2, and 4 show close association with lignin biosynthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
metabolism the enzyme is involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The gateway enzyme plays a key role in mediating carbon flux from primary metabolism into the phenylpropanoid pathway Arabidopsis thaliana