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Literature summary for 4.3.1.24 extracted from

  • Parmeggiani, F
    ; Weise, N.J.; Ahmed, S.T.; Turner, N.J. Synthetic and therapeutic applications of ammonia-lyases and aminomutases (2018), Chem. Rev., 118, 73-118 .
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 4.3.1.24

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
recombinant expression of His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), subcloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109 Taxus chinensis

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
L108E site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity with trans-cinnamate compared to wild-type enzyme Taxus chinensis
L108E/N458F site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity with trans-cinnamate compared to wild-type enzyme Taxus chinensis
N458F site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity with trans-cinnamate compared to wild-type enzyme Taxus chinensis
N458L site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity with trans-cinnamate compared to wild-type enzyme Taxus chinensis

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
additional information
-
 additional information amination reaction kinetic parameters of wild-type PAM and mutants, all with an enantiomeric excess of over 99% (ee). Michaelis-Menten kinetics of formation of alpha- and beta-phenylalanine from trans-cinnamate Taxus chinensis

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
trans-cinnamate + NH3 Taxus chinensis
-
 L-phenylalanine
-
 r

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Taxus chinensis Q68G83 i.e. Taxus chinensis
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
recombinant His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and dialysis Taxus chinensis

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
additional information TcPAM catalyzes the isomerization of alpha-phenylalanine to beta-phenylalanine through exchanging the position of the amine group (Calpha -> Cbeta) and pro-3S hydrogen proton (Cbeta -> Calpha) with retention of the configuration at the reaction termini, which requires reorientation after deamination of L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid in which the reface of the Cbeta and the si-face of the Cbeta carton atoms are positioned for amine readdition and reprotonation. The enzyme TcPAM (EC 5.4.3.10) also catalyzes the regioselective hydroamination of transcinnamic acid (t-CA) to yield L-beta-Phe, TcPAL. The final product mixture consists of both alpha- and beta-Phe owing to low regioselectivity of the enzyme. Substrate docking Taxus chinensis ?
-
 ?
trans-cinnamate + NH3
-
 Taxus chinensis L-phenylalanine
-
 r
trans-cinnamate + NH3
-
 Taxus chinensis L-alpha-phenylalanine + L-beta-phenylalanine
-
 r

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
More cf. EC 5.4.3.10, phenylalanine aminomutase Taxus chinensis
PAL
-
 Taxus chinensis
phenylalanine ammonia lyase
-
 Taxus chinensis

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
40
-
 assay at Taxus chinensis

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7.5
-
 assay at Taxus chinensis

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
3,5-dihydro-5-methylidene-4H-imidazol-4-one i.e. MIO, essential cofactor Taxus chinensis