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Literature summary for 4.3.1.24 extracted from
- Manganese (Mn2+)-dependent storage stabilization of Rhodotorula glutinis phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity (2008), J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 894-902.
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| synthesis | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase's reverse reaction is exploited for the commercial production of optically pure L-phenylalanine from trans-cinnamic acid | Rhodotorula glutinis |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ca2+ | partially stabilizes the enzyme during storage, but less effective than Mn2+ | Rhodotorula glutinis |  |
| Li+ | partially stabilizes the enzyme during storage, but less effective than Mn2+ | Rhodotorula glutinis | |
| Mg2+ | stabilizes the enzyme during storage, but slightly less effective than Mn2+ | Rhodotorula glutinis | |
| Mn2+ | stabilizes the enzyme during storage, overview | Rhodotorula glutinis | |
| Zn2+ | partially stabilizes the enzyme during storage, but less effective than Mn2+ | Rhodotorula glutinis | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L-phenylalanine | Rhodotorula glutinis | - |
(E)-cinnamate + NH3 | - |
r | |
| L-phenylalanine | Rhodotorula glutinis RE4607095D | - |
(E)-cinnamate + NH3 | - |
r | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rhodotorula glutinis | - |
- |
- |
| Rhodotorula glutinis RE4607095D | - |
- |
- |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
relative enzyme activity after different storage conditions, overview | Rhodotorula glutinis |
Storage Stability
| Storage Stability | Organism |
|---|---|
| 0-2°C, rapid loss of PAL activity during storage of the yeast cells, Mn2+-dependent storage stabilization: whole cells retain nearly 85% of the original enzyme activity for at least 12 weeks with 0.01% Mn2+ in storage buffer containing 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.8, while the control loses all enzyme activity after 8 weeks. Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ or Li+ can only partially substitute for Mn2+, overview | Rhodotorula glutinis |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L-phenylalanine | - |
Rhodotorula glutinis | (E)-cinnamate + NH3 | - |
r | |
| L-phenylalanine | - |
Rhodotorula glutinis RE4607095D | (E)-cinnamate + NH3 | - |
r | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| PAL | - |
Rhodotorula glutinis |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | - |
forward and reverse reactions | Rhodotorula glutinis |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8.8 | - |
forward reaction | Rhodotorula glutinis |
| 9 | - |
reverse reaction | Rhodotorula glutinis |
pH Range
| pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | 10 | forward and reverse reactions | Rhodotorula glutinis |
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