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Literature summary for 4.2.1.2 extracted from
- Mesaconase activity of class I fumarase contributes to mesaconate utilization by Burkholderia xenovorans (2015), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 81, 5632-5638 .
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| thiol | storage of the protein for 6 months leads to almost complete loss of its activity, which can be fully restored by the reactivation with Fe2+ and thiol | Paraburkholderia xenovorans |  |
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| synthesis | use of tryptophan synthase in the generation of L-dihalotryptophans and L-alkynyltryptophans | Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| expression in Escherichia coli | Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.03 | - |
mesaconate | pH 8.0, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 0.03 | - |
mesaconate | pH 6.9, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 0.1 | - |
fumarate | pH 8.0, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 0.1 | - |
fumarate | pH 6.9, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 0.138 | - |
fumarate | pH 8.0, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 0.138 | - |
fumarate | pH 6.9, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 0.28 | - |
(S)-malate | pH 8.0, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 0.28 | - |
L-malate | pH 6.9, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 0.42 | - |
(S)-malate | pH 8.0, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 0.42 | - |
L-malate | pH 6.9, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 0.52 | - |
(S)-citramalate | pH 8.0, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 0.52 | - |
(S)-citramalate | pH 6.9, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fe2+ | storage of the protein for 6 months leads to almost complete loss of its activity, which can be fully restored by the reactivation with Fe2+ and thiol | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50000 | - |
SDS-PAGE | Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
| 60000 | - |
SDS-PAGE | Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mesaconate + H2O | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | mesaconase activity of class I fumarase contributes to mesaconate utilization by Burkholderia xenovorans. Mesaconate is metabolized through its hydration to (S)-citramalate. The first reaction of the pathway, the mesaconate hydratase (mesaconase) reaction, is catalyzed by a class I fumarase. The latter compound is then metabolized to acetyl-CoA and pyruvate with the participation of two enzymes of the itaconate degradation pathway, a promiscuous itaconate-CoA transferase able to activate (S)-citramalate in addition to itaconate and (S)-citramalyl-CoA lyase | (S)-citramalate | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paraburkholderia xenovorans | Q13VI0 | - |
- |
| Paraburkholderia xenovorans | Q141Z6 | - |
- |
| Paraburkholderia xenovorans DSMZ 17367 / LB400 | Q13VI0 | - |
- |
| Paraburkholderia xenovorans DSMZ 17367 / LB400 | Q141Z6 | - |
- |
Oxidation Stability
| Oxidation Stability | Organism |
|---|---|
| the enzyme is oxygen-sensitive, and the aerobically measured activity of the (aerobically) purified protein is relatively low. The incubation of the enzyme with Fe2+ and thiol and following measurement of the activity under strictly anaerobic conditions leads to an 4fold increase in fumarate hydratase activity | Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
- |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
Storage Stability
| Storage Stability | Organism |
|---|---|
| storage of the protein for 6 months leads to almost complete loss of its activity, which can be fully restored by the reactivation with Fe2+ and thiol | Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (S)-citramalate | - |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans | mesaconate + H2O | - |
r | |
| (S)-malate | - |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans | fumarate + H2O | - |
r | |
| (S)-malate | - |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans DSMZ 17367 / LB400 | fumarate + H2O | - |
r | |
| fumarate + H2O | - |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans | L-malate | - |
r | |
| fumarate + H2O | - |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans DSMZ 17367 / LB400 | L-malate | - |
r | |
| fumarate + H2O | - |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans | (S)-malate | - |
r | |
| L-malate | - |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans | fumarate + H2O | - |
r | |
| L-malate | - |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans DSMZ 17367 / LB400 | fumarate + H2O | - |
r | |
| mesaconate + H2O | - |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans | (S)-citramalate | - |
r | |
| mesaconate + H2O | mesaconase activity of class I fumarase contributes to mesaconate utilization by Burkholderia xenovorans. Mesaconate is metabolized through its hydration to (S)-citramalate. The first reaction of the pathway, the mesaconate hydratase (mesaconase) reaction, is catalyzed by a class I fumarase. The latter compound is then metabolized to acetyl-CoA and pyruvate with the participation of two enzymes of the itaconate degradation pathway, a promiscuous itaconate-CoA transferase able to activate (S)-citramalate in addition to itaconate and (S)-citramalyl-CoA lyase | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | (S)-citramalate | - |
? | |
| additional information | no activity with either mesaconate or (S)-citramalate | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | no substrate: mesaconate | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | no activity with either mesaconate or (S)-citramalate | Paraburkholderia xenovorans DSMZ 17367 / LB400 | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | no substrate: mesaconate | Paraburkholderia xenovorans DSMZ 17367 / LB400 | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| Bxe_A1038 | - |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
| Bxe_A3136 | - |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
| class II fumarase | - |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
| fumarase/mesaconase | - |
Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | - |
assay | Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 | - |
assay at | Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
Expression
| Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|
| Paraburkholderia xenovorans | expression is induced by growth on acetate and mesaconate | up |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| metabolism | mesaconase activity of the promiscuous fumarase/mesaconase contributes to mesaconate utilization by Burkholderia xenovorans. Mesaconate is metabolized through its hydration to (S)-citramalate. The first reaction of the pathway, the mesaconate hydratase (mesaconase) reaction, is catalyzed by a class I fumarase. The latter compound is then metabolized to acetyl-CoA and pyruvate with the participation of two enzymes of the itaconate degradation pathway, a promiscuous itaconate-CoA transferase able to activate (S)-citramalate in addition to itaconate and (S)-citramalyl-CoA lyase | Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
| physiological function | Paraburkholderia xenovorans is able to grow on itaconate and mesaconate (i.e. methylfumarate). Mesaconate is metabolized through its hydration to (S)-citramalate, which is then metabolized to acetyl-CoA and pyruvate. The first reaction of the pathway, the mesaconate hydratase (mesaconase) reaction, is catalyzed by class I fumarase Bxe_A3136 | Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
| physiological function | the enzyme (Bxe_A3136) is in fact a promiscuous fumarase/mesaconase. It has similar efficiencies (kcat/Km) for both fumarate and mesaconate hydration. This promiscuity is physiologically relevant, as it allows the growth of this bacterium on mesaconate as a sole carbon and energy source | Paraburkholderia xenovorans |
kcat/KM [mM/s]
| kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 131 | - |
(S)-citramalate | pH 8.0, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 131 | - |
(S)-citramalate | pH 6.9, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 320 | - |
(S)-malate | pH 8.0, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 320 | - |
L-malate | pH 6.9, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 398 | - |
(S)-malate | pH 8.0, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 398 | - |
L-malate | pH 6.9, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 2200 | - |
fumarate | pH 8.0, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 2200 | - |
fumarate | pH 6.9, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 2800 | - |
fumarate | pH 8.0, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 2800 | - |
fumarate | pH 6.9, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 3600 | - |
mesaconate | pH 8.0, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
| 3600 | - |
mesaconate | pH 6.9, 30°C | Paraburkholderia xenovorans | |
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