Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
Kuhlmann, A.U.; Bremer, E.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 772-783 (2002) 
Data extracted from this reference:
Activating Compound
Activating Compound
Commentary
Organism
Structure
additional information
high osmolarity induces the enzyme expression, requirements
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
additional information
high osmolarity induces the enzyme expression, requirements
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus
additional information
high osmolarity induces the enzyme expression, requirements
Sporosarcina psychrophila
additional information
high osmolarity induces the enzyme expression, requirements
Sporosarcina pasteurii
additional information
high osmolarity induces the enzyme expression, requirements
Virgibacillus salexigens
additional information
high osmolarity induces the enzyme expression, requirements
Chromohalobacter salexigens
Cloned(Commentary)
Cloned (Commentary)
Organism
gene ectC encoded in the ectABC gene cluster, functional expression in Escherichia coli
Chromohalobacter salexigens
gene ectC, encoded in the ectABC gene cluster, sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, DNA sequence comparison, expression in Escherichia coli
Sporosarcina pasteurii
Metals/Ions
Metals/Ions
Commentary
Organism
Structure
NaCl
required for activity
Sporosarcina pasteurii
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
Natural Substrates
Organism
Commentary (Nat. Sub.)
Natural Products
Commentary (Nat. Pro.)
Organism (Nat. Pro.)
Reversibility
ID
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
Sporosarcina psychrophila
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
Sporosarcina pasteurii
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
Virgibacillus salexigens
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
Chromohalobacter salexigens
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
?
additional information
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
phylogenetic analysis
?
-
-
?
additional information
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus
phylogenetic analysis
?
-
-
?
additional information
Sporosarcina psychrophila
phylogenetic analysis
?
-
-
?
additional information
Sporosarcina pasteurii
phylogenetic analysis
?
-
-
?
additional information
Virgibacillus salexigens
phylogenetic analysis
?
-
-
?
additional information
Chromohalobacter salexigens
phylogenetic analysis
?
-
-
?
Organism
Organism
UniProt
Commentary
Textmining
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus
-
strain DSM 485
-
Chromohalobacter salexigens
Q9ZEU6
formerly Halomonas elongata, strain DSM 3043, gene ectC encoded in the ectABC gene cluster
-
no activity in Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus
-
formerly Bacillus aneurinilyticus
-
no activity in Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562
-
formerly Bacillus aneurinilyticus
-
no activity in Bacillus cereus
-
strain DSM31
-
no activity in Bacillus cereus DSM 31
-
strain DSM31
-
no activity in Bacillus circulans
-
strain DSM 9
-
no activity in Bacillus licheniformis
-
strain DSM 13
-
no activity in Bacillus megaterium
-
strain DSM 32
-
no activity in Bacillus subtilis
-
-
-
no activity in Bacillus subtilis JH642
-
-
-
no activity in Bacillus thuringiensis
-
strain DSM 2046
-
no activity in Paenibacillus polymyxa
-
strain DSM 36
-
Sporosarcina pasteurii
Q9AP33
strain DSM 33, gene ectC encoded in the ectABC gene cluster
-
Sporosarcina psychrophila
-
formerly Bacillus psychrophilus, strain DSM 3
-
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
-
formerl Bacillus pantothenticus, strain DSM 26
-
Virgibacillus salexigens
-
formerly Bacillus salexigens, strain DSM 11438
-
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
Substrates
Commentary Substrates
Literature (Substrates)
Organism
Products
Commentary (Products)
Literature (Products)
Organism (Products)
Reversibility
Substrate Product ID
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
660740
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
660740
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
660740
Sporosarcina psychrophila
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
660740
Sporosarcina pasteurii
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
660740
Virgibacillus salexigens
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
660740
Chromohalobacter salexigens
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid
660740
Sporosarcina psychrophila
L-ectoine + H2O
NMR identification
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid
660740
Sporosarcina pasteurii
L-ectoine + H2O
NMR identification
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid
660740
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
L-ectoine + H2O
NMR product identification
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid
660740
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus
L-ectoine + H2O
NMR product identification
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid
660740
Virgibacillus salexigens
L-ectoine + H2O
NMR product identification
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid
660740
Chromohalobacter salexigens
L-ectoine + H2O
NMR product identification
-
-
?
additional information
phylogenetic analysis
660740
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
?
-
-
-
?
additional information
phylogenetic analysis
660740
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus
?
-
-
-
?
additional information
phylogenetic analysis
660740
Sporosarcina psychrophila
?
-
-
-
?
additional information
phylogenetic analysis
660740
Sporosarcina pasteurii
?
-
-
-
?
additional information
phylogenetic analysis
660740
Virgibacillus salexigens
?
-
-
-
?
additional information
phylogenetic analysis
660740
Chromohalobacter salexigens
?
-
-
-
?
Activating Compound (protein specific)
Activating Compound
Commentary
Organism
Structure
additional information
high osmolarity induces the enzyme expression, requirements
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
additional information
high osmolarity induces the enzyme expression, requirements
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus
additional information
high osmolarity induces the enzyme expression, requirements
Sporosarcina psychrophila
additional information
high osmolarity induces the enzyme expression, requirements
Sporosarcina pasteurii
additional information
high osmolarity induces the enzyme expression, requirements
Virgibacillus salexigens
additional information
high osmolarity induces the enzyme expression, requirements
Chromohalobacter salexigens
Cloned(Commentary) (protein specific)
Commentary
Organism
gene ectC encoded in the ectABC gene cluster, functional expression in Escherichia coli
Chromohalobacter salexigens
gene ectC, encoded in the ectABC gene cluster, sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, DNA sequence comparison, expression in Escherichia coli
Sporosarcina pasteurii
Metals/Ions (protein specific)
Metals/Ions
Commentary
Organism
Structure
NaCl
required for activity
Sporosarcina pasteurii
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates) (protein specific)
Natural Substrates
Organism
Commentary (Nat. Sub.)
Natural Products
Commentary (Nat. Pro.)
Organism (Nat. Pro.)
Reversibility
ID
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
Sporosarcina psychrophila
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
Sporosarcina pasteurii
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
Virgibacillus salexigens
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
Chromohalobacter salexigens
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
?
additional information
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
phylogenetic analysis
?
-
-
?
additional information
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus
phylogenetic analysis
?
-
-
?
additional information
Sporosarcina psychrophila
phylogenetic analysis
?
-
-
?
additional information
Sporosarcina pasteurii
phylogenetic analysis
?
-
-
?
additional information
Virgibacillus salexigens
phylogenetic analysis
?
-
-
?
additional information
Chromohalobacter salexigens
phylogenetic analysis
?
-
-
?
Substrates and Products (Substrate) (protein specific)
Substrates
Commentary Substrates
Literature (Substrates)
Organism
Products
Commentary (Products)
Literature (Products)
Organism (Products)
Reversibility
ID
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
660740
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
660740
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
660740
Sporosarcina psychrophila
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
660740
Sporosarcina pasteurii
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
660740
Virgibacillus salexigens
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
final step in L-ectoine biosynthesis, L-ectoine acts as an osmoprotectant
660740
Chromohalobacter salexigens
L-ectoine + H2O
-
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid
660740
Sporosarcina psychrophila
L-ectoine + H2O
NMR identification
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid
660740
Sporosarcina pasteurii
L-ectoine + H2O
NMR identification
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid
660740
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
L-ectoine + H2O
NMR product identification
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid
660740
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus
L-ectoine + H2O
NMR product identification
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid
660740
Virgibacillus salexigens
L-ectoine + H2O
NMR product identification
-
-
?
4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
i.e. 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid
660740
Chromohalobacter salexigens
L-ectoine + H2O
NMR product identification
-
-
?
additional information
phylogenetic analysis
660740
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
?
-
-
-
?
additional information
phylogenetic analysis
660740
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus
?
-
-
-
?
additional information
phylogenetic analysis
660740
Sporosarcina psychrophila
?
-
-
-
?
additional information
phylogenetic analysis
660740
Sporosarcina pasteurii
?
-
-
-
?
additional information
phylogenetic analysis
660740
Virgibacillus salexigens
?
-
-
-
?
additional information
phylogenetic analysis
660740
Chromohalobacter salexigens
?
-
-
-
?
Other publictions for EC 4.2.1.108
No.
1st author
Pub Med
title
organims
journal
volume
pages
year
Activating Compound
Application
Cloned(Commentary)
Crystallization (Commentary)
Engineering
General Stability
Inhibitors
KM Value [mM]
Localization
Metals/Ions
Molecular Weight [Da]
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
Organic Solvent Stability
Organism
Oxidation Stability
Posttranslational Modification
Purification (Commentary)
Reaction
Renatured (Commentary)
Source Tissue
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
Storage Stability
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
Subunits
Synonyms
Temperature Optimum [°C]
Temperature Range [°C]
Temperature Stability [°C]
Turnover Number [1/s]
pH Optimum
pH Range
pH Stability
Cofactor
Ki Value [mM]
pI Value
IC50 Value
Activating Compound (protein specific)
Application (protein specific)
Cloned(Commentary) (protein specific)
Cofactor (protein specific)
Crystallization (Commentary) (protein specific)
Engineering (protein specific)
General Stability (protein specific)
IC50 Value (protein specific)
Inhibitors (protein specific)
Ki Value [mM] (protein specific)
KM Value [mM] (protein specific)
Localization (protein specific)
Metals/Ions (protein specific)
Molecular Weight [Da] (protein specific)
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates) (protein specific)
Organic Solvent Stability (protein specific)
Oxidation Stability (protein specific)
Posttranslational Modification (protein specific)
Purification (Commentary) (protein specific)
Renatured (Commentary) (protein specific)
Source Tissue (protein specific)
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg] (protein specific)
Storage Stability (protein specific)
Substrates and Products (Substrate) (protein specific)
Subunits (protein specific)
Temperature Optimum [°C] (protein specific)
Temperature Range [°C] (protein specific)
Temperature Stability [°C] (protein specific)
Turnover Number [1/s] (protein specific)
pH Optimum (protein specific)
pH Range (protein specific)
pH Stability (protein specific)
pI Value (protein specific)
Expression
General Information
General Information (protein specific)
Expression (protein specific)
KCat/KM [mM/s]
KCat/KM [mM/s] (protein specific)
756904
Anburajan
Functional characterization o ...
Alkalihalobacillus clausii, Alkalihalobacillus clausii NIOT-DSB04
Infect. Genet. Evol.
73
261-265
2019
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
2
2
-
-
-
749081
Widderich
Biochemistry and crystal stru ...
Sphingopyxis alaskensis, Sphingopyxis alaskensis DSM 13593 / LMG 18877 / RB2256
PLoS ONE
11
e0151285
2016
-
-
1
1
26
-
-
3
-
2
-
2
-
9
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
8
2
5
1
-
-
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
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1
-
1
26
-
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
8
2
1
-
-
2
1
-
-
-
-
2
2
-
2
2
746650
Kobus
Overproduction, crystallizati ...
Sphingopyxis alaskensis, Sphingopyxis alaskensis DSM 13593 / LMG 18877 / RB2256
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
71
1027-1032
2015
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
-
15
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
1
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
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1
2
-
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1
-
-
-
-
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
-
-
-
713911
Witt
Unexpected property of ectoine ...
Halomonas elongata, Halomonas elongata DSM 2581
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
91
113-122
2011
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
1
2
-
8
-
-
1
-
-
-
2
-
11
1
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
2
-
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
11
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
729687
Reshetnikov
Diversity and phylogeny of the ...
Methylophaga thalassica, Methylophaga alcalica, Methylobacter marinus, Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum, Methylarcula marina, Methylomicrobium kenyense, Methylobacter marinus 7C, Methylomicrobium kenyense AMO1, Methylophaga thalassica ATCC 33146, Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum ML1, Methylophaga alcalica M8, Methylarcula marina ML1
Extremophiles
15
653-663
2011
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
21
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
6
-
-
-
690643
Rajan
Characterization and phylogene ...
Alkalihalobacillus halodurans, Alkalihalobacillus halodurans TCJAR021
Arch. Microbiol.
190
481-487
2008
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
4
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
691437
Rajan
Cloning and heterologous expre ...
Alkalihalobacillus halodurans, Alkalihalobacillus halodurans TCJAR021
Biotechnol. Lett.
30
1403-1407
2008
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
4
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
660836
Reshetnikov
Characterization of the ectoin ...
Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum
Arch. Microbiol.
184
286-297
2006
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
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1
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1
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2
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1
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1
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660740
Kuhlmann
Osmotically regulated synthesi ...
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, Sporosarcina psychrophila, no activity in Bacillus cereus, no activity in Bacillus circulans, no activity in Bacillus licheniformis, no activity in Bacillus megaterium, no activity in Bacillus subtilis, Virgibacillus salexigens, no activity in Bacillus thuringiensis, no activity in Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus, no activity in Paenibacillus polymyxa, Sporosarcina pasteurii, Chromohalobacter salexigens, no activity in Bacillus cereus DSM 31, no activity in Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562, no activity in Bacillus subtilis JH642
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
68
772-783
2002
6
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2
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1
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12
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26
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18
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6
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2
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1
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12
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18
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663114
Nakayama
Ectoine, the compatible solute ...
Halomonas elongata, no activity in Nicotiana tabacum, Halomonas elongata OUT30018
Plant Physiol.
122
1239-1247
2000
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1
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1
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9
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4
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4
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640091
Ono
Characterization of biosynthet ...
Halomonas elongata, Halomonas elongata OUT30018
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91-99
1999
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1
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2
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2
2
3
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5
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1
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1
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6
1
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3
1
1
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1
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1
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1
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2
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2
2
3
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1
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1
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6
1
3
1
1
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1
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1
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-
-
-
662773
Louis
Characterization of genes for ...
Marinococcus halophilus
Microbiology
143
1141-1149
1997
1
1
1
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3
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3
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3
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640090
Peters
-
The biosynthesis of ectoine ...
Halorhodospira halochloris, Halomonas elongata
FEMS Microbiol. Lett.
71
157-162
1990
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