Literature summary for 4.1.2.10 extracted from

Dreveny, I.; Andryushkova, A.S.; Glieder, A.; Gruber, K.; Kratky, C.
Substrate binding in the FAD-dependent hydroxynitrile lyase from almond provides insight into the mechanism of cyanohydrin formation and explains the absence of dehydrogenation activity (2009), Biochemistry, 48, 3370-3377.

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Application

Application	Comment	Organism
synthesis	hydroxynitrile lyases are proficient biocatalysts for the stereospecific synthesis of cyanohydrins	Prunus dulcis

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
expression of mutant and wild-type enzymes in Pichia pastoris X33	Prunus dulcis

Crystallization (Commentary)

Crystallization (Comment)	Organism
3D structural data of the enzyme with the reaction product benzaldehyde bound within the active site, which allow unambiguous assignment of the location of substrate binding	Prunus dulcis

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
H459N	less than 5% of the activity compared to wild type	Prunus dulcis
H497N	less than 5% of the activity compared to wild type	Prunus dulcis

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
(R)-mandelonitrile	Prunus dulcis	in a large number of plant species hydroxynitrile lyases catalyzes the decomposition of cyanohydrins in order to generate hydrogen cyanide upon tissue damage. Hydrogen cyanide serves as a deterrent against herbivores and fungi	cyanide + benzaldehyde	-	r

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Prunus dulcis	O24243	-	-

Reaction

Reaction	Comment	Organism	Reaction ID
(R)-mandelonitrile = cyanide + benzaldehyde	based on the binding geometry, a reaction mechanism is proposed that involves one of the two conserved active site histidine residues acting as a general base abstracting the proton from the cyanohydrin hydroxyl group. Site-directed mutagenesis shows that both active site histidines are required for the reaction to occur	Prunus dulcis	a

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
(R)-mandelonitrile	in a large number of plant species hydroxynitrile lyases catalyzes the decomposition of cyanohydrins in order to generate hydrogen cyanide upon tissue damage. Hydrogen cyanide serves as a deterrent against herbivores and fungi	Prunus dulcis	cyanide + benzaldehyde	-	r
cyanide + benzaldehyde	-	Prunus dulcis	(R)-mandelonitrile	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
FAD-HNL	-	Prunus dulcis
PaHNL1	-	Prunus dulcis

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
FAD	there is no evidence that the flavin cofactor directly participates in the reaction	Prunus dulcis

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)