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Literature summary for 3.6.5.6 extracted from
- The GTPase domain of gamma-tubulin is required for normal mitochondrial function and spatial organization (2018), Commun. Biol., 1, 37 .
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| stable recombinant co-expression of the mutated C13A protein in gamma-tubulin sh-U2OS cells | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| C13A | site-directed mutagenesis, mutation of Cyst13 to Ala (GFP-A13gamma-tubulinresist) impairs GTP binding to the GTPase domain, stable co-expresses of the mutated recombinant protein in gamma-tubulin sh-U2-OS cells | Homo sapiens |
| additional information | generation of stably or transient transfected gamma-tubulin shRNA, pEGFP-gamma-tubulinresist, pEGFP-A13-gamma-tubulinresist, gamma-tubulinsgrest, gamma-tubulinR399A-K400A-R409A sgrest, and gamma-tubulin336-451 U2OS, and MCF10A cells. Stable co-expression of gamma-tubulin sgRNA depleting the endogenous gamma-tubulin pool. Fixed U2OS cells transiently expressing gamma-tubulin sgRNA (Cas9-crispGFP) are immunofluorescence stained with an anti-MTCO2 antibody and a gamma-tubulin antibody originated in mouse. Sg-mediated knockdown of gamma-tubulin affects the activity of the mitochondria, but not the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum | Homo sapiens |
| R399A/K400A/R409A | site-directed mutagenesis | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| citral dimethyl acetal | CDA, impairs the GTPase activity of gamma-tubulin | Homo sapiens |  |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| microtubule | - |
Homo sapiens | 5874 | - |
| mitochondrion | despite evidence that the mitochondrial proteome is derived from endosymbiotic bacteria, most mitochondria lack the expression of the gamma-tubulin homologue FtsZ, suggesting that gamma-tubulin may replace FtsZ function in mitochondria | Homo sapiens | 5739 | - |
| additional information | in close vicinity to the nuclear envelope, endogenous gamma-tubulin form a network of strings, gamma-strings, which grow from the nuclear compartment and towards the plasma membrane. Fixed U2OS cells transiently expressing gamma-tubulin sgRNA (Cas9-crispGFP) are immunofluorescence stained with an anti-MTCO2 antibody and a gamma-tubulin antibody originated in mouse. Nuclear localization signal (NLS) mediates gamma-tubulin translocation to the nucleus. The reduced import of gamma-tubulin to the nuclear compartment enhances the binding of gamma-tubulin to mtDNA | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
| nucleus | nuclear localization signal (NLS) mediates gamma-tubulin translocation to the nucleus. The reduced import of gamma-tubulin to the nuclear compartment enhances the binding of gamma-tubulin to mtDNA | Homo sapiens | 5634 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | required | Homo sapiens | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GTP + H2O | Homo sapiens | - |
GDP + phosphate | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | P23258 | tubulin gamma-1 chain | - |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| epithelial cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| kidney | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| kidney cancer cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| mammary gland | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| MCF-10A cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| osteosarcoma cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| retinoblastoma cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| U2-OS cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| Y-79 cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GTP + H2O | - |
Homo sapiens | GDP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| additional information | gamma-tubulin binds to mitochondrial DNA | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
- |
|
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| gamma-tubulin | - |
Homo sapiens |
| GTPase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| TUBG1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | reduced levels of gamma-tubulin or impairment of its GTPase domain disrupts the mitochondrial network and alters both their respiratory capacity and the expression of mitochondrial-related genes. By contrast, reduced mitochondrial number or increased protein levels of gamma-tubulin DNA-binding domain enhance the association of gamma-tubulin with mitochondria. Increased mitochondria protein transport and low cellular mitochondria content affect the gamma-tubulin meshwork. Sg-mediated knockdown of gamma-tubulin affects the activity of the mitochondria, but not the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum | Homo sapiens |
| metabolism | gamma-tubulin forms a cellular meshwork of gamma-strings and gamma-tubules. While gamma-tubules are polar cytosolic filaments within the gamma-string meshwork, gamma-strings are detected in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus and are formed of non-polar protein threads that cross the double membrane of the nuclear envelope. The gamma-string meshwork forms a boundary around chromatin, which coordinates cytosolic and nuclear events during mitosis by assuring that a nuclear envelope forms around daughter chromosomes. The gamma-tubulin meshwork may be a dynamic network that contributes to cellular homeostasis | Homo sapiens |
| physiological function | an important regulator of microtubule dynamics during cell division is the protein gamma-tubulin. gamma-Tubulin expression and its GTPase domain are necessary for the organization of mitochondria in tubular structures. In the cell, gamma-tubulin establishes a cellular network of threads named the gamma-string meshwork. gamma-Strings have the ability to connect the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial DNA together. gamma-Tubulin has a role in the maintenance of the mitochondrial network and functions. The endoplasmic reticulum is not affected by gamma-tubulin. gamma-Tubulin provides a cytoskeletal element that gives form to the mitochondrial network. gamma-Tubulin regulates the expression of mitochondrial genes, overview of upregulated mitochondria-related genes. It affects the replication of mitochondrial DNA | Homo sapiens |
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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