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Literature summary for 3.6.1.6 extracted from
- Biochemical characterization of Arabidopsis APYRASE family reveals their roles in regulating endomembrane NDP/NMP homoeostasis (2015), Biochem. J., 472, 43-54 .
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene AtAPY1, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gene AtAPY2, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | when clade I Arabidopsis apyrases are expressed in the DELTAynd1DELTAgda1 dKO Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant, both AtAPY1 and AtAPY2 are able to complement the growth phenotype compared to the yeast mutant harbouring the empty vector | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Golgi lumen | isozyme AtAPY1 is able to function as internal Golgi lumenal NDPase | Arabidopsis thaliana | 5796 | - |
| Golgi lumen | isozyme AtAPY2 is able to function as internal Golgi lumenal NDPase | Arabidopsis thaliana | 5796 | - |
| membrane | plant members of the GDA-like clade, such as isozymes AtAPY1 and AtAPY2, are typical type II membrane proteins | Arabidopsis thaliana | 16020 | - |
| microsome | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
- |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP + H2O | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
GMP + phosphate | - |
? |  |
| UDP + H2O | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
UMP + phosphate | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9SPM5 | cf. EC 3.6.1.5 | - |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9SQG2 | cf. EC 3.6.1.5 | - |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| pollen | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
| stoma | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP + H2O | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | GMP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| additional information | isozymes AtAPY1 and AtAPY2 appear to have a substrate preference for NDPs. AtAPY1 exhibits a clear preference towards substrate UDP, supporting previous reports indicating that it functions as UDP/GDPase | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | isozymes AtAPY1 and AtAPY2 appear to have a substrate preference for NDPs. AtAPY2 exhibits a clear preference towards the substrate UDP/GDP, supporting previous reports indicating that it functions as UDP/GDPase | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
- |
|
| UDP + H2O | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | UMP + phosphate | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| At3g04080 | locus name | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| At5g18280 | locus name | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtAPY1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtAPY2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lumenal NDPase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| More | see also EC 3.6.1.5 | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NTPDase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22 | - |
assay at room temperature | Arabidopsis thaliana |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.5 | - |
assay at | Arabidopsis thaliana |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | the seven member Arabidopsis apyrase family contains representatives in each clade and are clustered into the AtAPY1-2 clade I (GDA1-like), the AtAPY3-6 (clade II) and AtAPY7 in clade III. The clade I (GDA-like) Arabidopsis members (AtAPY1 andAtAPY2) form a distinct clade with the other characterized plant apyrases, human apyrases and the yeast GDA1 enzyme. The protein structure of the seven Arabidopsis apyrase proteins outline the apyrase conserved domain GDA1_CD39 and predicted transmembrane helices | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| malfunction | immunochemical and genetic suppression of AtAPY1 and AtAPY2 results in an increase in extracellular ATP | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| metabolism | roles of the Arabidopsis thaliana apyrase family in regulating endomembrane NDP/NMP homoeostasis, overview. The AtAPY1-6 Arabidopsis thaliana enzymes all exhibit classic apyrase-like NTPase and/or NDPases activities, with an absence of NMP activity | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| physiological function | both AtAPY1 and AtAPY2 have been shown to play numerous physiological roles in pollen development, vegetative growth and stomata opening/closure. AtAPY1 and AtAPY2 function as plant endo-apyrases and are necessary for lumenal glycosylation. The Arabidopsis apyrases family members have possible roles in regulating endomembrane NDP/NMP (nucleoside monophosphate) homoeostasis. AtAPY 1 and AtAPY2 are able to function as internal Golgi lumenal NDPases | Arabidopsis thaliana |
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