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Literature summary for 3.5.4.38 extracted from

  • Vallur, A.C.; Yabuki, M.; Larson, E.D.; Maizels, N.
    AID in antibody perfection (2007), Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 64, 555-565.
    View publication on PubMed

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
cytoplasm the enzyme predominantly localizes in the cytoplasm and diffuses or is actively transported into the nucleus Homo sapiens 5737
-
nucleus the enzyme predominantly localizes in the cytoplasm and diffuses or is actively transported into the nucleus Homo sapiens 5634
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
cytosine in single-stranded DNA + H2O Homo sapiens the enzyme deaminates DNA at transcribed Ig genes. Expressed immunoglobulin genes undergo alterations in sequence and genomic structure in order to optimize antibody function. A single B cell-specific factor, activation-induced deaminase (AID), initiates these changes by deamination of cytosine to uracil. At the Ig loci of B-cells, AID-initiated damage is processed to produce three distinct outcomes: somatic hypermutation, class switch recombination and gene conversion uracil in single-stranded DNA + NH3
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens Q9GZX7
-
-

Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
phosphoprotein phosphorylation of S38 is essential for activation-induced deaminase interaction with replication protein A (RPA). The residue S38 is a target for phosphorylation by protein kinase A. Phosphorylation of AID significantly increases its deaminase activity on duplexDNA, although the phosphorylated enzyme still retains its preference for single-stranded substrates Homo sapiens

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
B-lymphocyte the enzyme is specifically expresssed in germinal center B-cells Homo sapiens
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
cytosine in single-stranded DNA + H2O the enzyme deaminates DNA at transcribed Ig genes. Expressed immunoglobulin genes undergo alterations in sequence and genomic structure in order to optimize antibody function. A single B cell-specific factor, activation-induced deaminase (AID), initiates these changes by deamination of cytosine to uracil. At the Ig loci of B-cells, AID-initiated damage is processed to produce three distinct outcomes: somatic hypermutation, class switch recombination and gene conversion Homo sapiens uracil in single-stranded DNA + NH3
-
?
cytosine in single-stranded DNA + H2O the enzyme preferentially deaminates cytosine to uracil in single-stranded and not double-stranded DNA the enzyme deaminates DNA at transcribed Ig genes Homo sapiens uracil in single-stranded DNA + NH3
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
activation-induced deaminase
-
Homo sapiens
AICDA
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Homo sapiens
AID
-
Homo sapiens

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Homo sapiens the enzyme is expressed in response to antigen activation up

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction deficiency in activation-induced deaminase is responsible for a human immunodeficiency Homo sapiens
physiological function expressed immunoglobulin genes undergo alterations in sequence and genomic structure in order to optimize antibody function. The B cell-specific activation-induced deaminase (AID), initiates these changes by deamination of cytosine to uracil. At the Ig loci of B-cells, AID-initiated damage is processed to produce three distinct outcomes: somatic hypermutation, class switch recombination and gene conversion Homo sapiens