Any feedback?
Literature summary for 3.5.2.6 extracted from
- Characterization of beta-lactamases in faecal Enterobacteriaceae recovered from healthy humans in Spain focusing on AmpC polymorphisms (2015), Microb. Ecol., 70, 132-140 .
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene blaACT-12, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Enterobacter cloacae |
| gene blaACT-14, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Enterobacter cloacae |
| gene blaACT-15, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Enterobacter cloacae |
| gene blaACT-17, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Enterobacter cloacae |
| gene blaACT-18, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Enterobacter cloacae |
| gene blaACT-19, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Enterobacter cloacae |
| gene blaACT-22, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Enterobacter cloacae |
| gene blaCMY-65, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Citrobacter freundii |
| gene blaCMY-67, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Citrobacter freundii |
| gene blaCMY-68, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Citrobacter freundii |
| gene blaCMY-70, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Citrobacter braakii |
| gene blaCMY-71, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Citrobacter freundii |
| gene blaCMY-74, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Citrobacter braakii |
| gene blaCMY-83, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Citrobacter braakii |
| gene blaCMY-93, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Citrobacter freundii |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ampicillin + H2O | Citrobacter freundii | - |
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? |  |
| ampicillin + H2O | Citrobacter braakii | - |
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| ampicillin + H2O | Enterobacter cloacae | - |
(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| aztreonam + H2O | Citrobacter freundii | - |
[(1S,2S)-1-[[(2Z)-2-(2-azaniumyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2- [[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino]acetyl]amino]-1-carboxypropan-2-yl]sulfamate | - |
? | |
| aztreonam + H2O | Citrobacter braakii | - |
[(1S,2S)-1-[[(2Z)-2-(2-azaniumyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2- [[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino]acetyl]amino]-1-carboxypropan-2-yl]sulfamate | - |
? | |
| aztreonam + H2O | Enterobacter cloacae | - |
[(1S,2S)-1-[[(2Z)-2-(2-azaniumyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2- [[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino]acetyl]amino]-1-carboxypropan-2-yl]sulfamate | - |
? | |
| cefepime + H2O | Citrobacter braakii | - |
(2R)-2-[(R)-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate | - |
? | |
| cefepime + H2O | Enterobacter cloacae | - |
(2R)-2-[(R)-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate | - |
? | |
| cefotaxime + H2O | Citrobacter freundii | - |
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| cefotaxime + H2O | Citrobacter braakii | - |
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| cefotaxime + H2O | Enterobacter cloacae | - |
(2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| cefoxitin + H2O | Citrobacter freundii | - |
(2R)-5-[(carbamoyloxy)methyl]-2-[(S)-carboxy(methoxy)[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| cefoxitin + H2O | Citrobacter braakii | - |
(2R)-5-[(carbamoyloxy)methyl]-2-[(S)-carboxy(methoxy)[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| cefoxitin + H2O | Enterobacter cloacae | - |
(2R)-5-[(carbamoyloxy)methyl]-2-[(S)-carboxy(methoxy)[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| ceftaxidime + H2O | Citrobacter freundii | - |
(2R)-2-[(R)-([(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-([(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino)acetyl]amino)(carboxy)methyl]-5-[(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate | - |
? | |
| ceftaxidime + H2O | Citrobacter braakii | - |
(2R)-2-[(R)-([(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-([(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino)acetyl]amino)(carboxy)methyl]-5-[(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate | - |
? | |
| ceftaxidime + H2O | Enterobacter cloacae | - |
(2R)-2-[(R)-([(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-([(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino)acetyl]amino)(carboxy)methyl]-5-[(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate | - |
? | |
| additional information | Citrobacter braakii | substrate specificity in vivo, overview | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | Enterobacter cloacae | substrate specificity in vivo, overview | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | Enterobacter cloacae | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Aztreonam and cefepime are poor substrates | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | Citrobacter freundii | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Cefepime and cefotaxime are poor substrates | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | Citrobacter freundii | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Cefepime is a poor substrate | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | Citrobacter braakii | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Cefepime is a poor substrate | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | Citrobacter freundii | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Cefotaxime and cefepime are poor substrates | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | Enterobacter cloacae | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Cefotaxime and cefepime are poor substrates | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | Enterobacter cloacae | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Cefotaxime is a poor enzyme | ? | - |
- |
|
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter braakii | K0GES5 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Citrobacter braakii | K0GET7 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Citrobacter braakii | K0GG60 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Citrobacter freundii | A3RLA9 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Citrobacter freundii | H6UZZ2 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Citrobacter freundii | H6UZZ8 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Citrobacter freundii | I3QHT4 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Citrobacter freundii | I3QHT7 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Citrobacter freundii | X2EXH4 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Enterobacter cloacae | K0GEV1 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Enterobacter cloacae | K0GEV3 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Enterobacter cloacae | K0GG70 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Enterobacter cloacae | Q8KP20 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Enterobacter cloacae | X2EXI0 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Enterobacter cloacae | X2EXI1 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
| Enterobacter cloacae | X2EXI6 | isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans of La Rioja region (Northern Spain), September to November 2010 | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ampicillin + H2O | - |
Citrobacter freundii | (2R,4S)-2-[(R)-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| ampicillin + H2O | - |
Citrobacter braakii | (2R,4S)-2-[(R)-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| ampicillin + H2O | - |
Enterobacter cloacae | (2R,4S)-2-[(R)-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| aztreonam + H2O | - |
Citrobacter freundii | [(1S,2S)-1-[[(2Z)-2-(2-azaniumyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2- [[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino]acetyl]amino]-1-carboxypropan-2-yl]sulfamate | - |
? | |
| aztreonam + H2O | - |
Citrobacter braakii | [(1S,2S)-1-[[(2Z)-2-(2-azaniumyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2- [[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino]acetyl]amino]-1-carboxypropan-2-yl]sulfamate | - |
? | |
| aztreonam + H2O | - |
Enterobacter cloacae | [(1S,2S)-1-[[(2Z)-2-(2-azaniumyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2- [[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino]acetyl]amino]-1-carboxypropan-2-yl]sulfamate | - |
? | |
| cefepime + H2O | - |
Citrobacter braakii | (2R)-2-[(R)-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate | - |
? | |
| cefepime + H2O | - |
Enterobacter cloacae | (2R)-2-[(R)-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-5-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate | - |
? | |
| cefotaxime + H2O | - |
Citrobacter freundii | (2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| cefotaxime + H2O | - |
Citrobacter braakii | (2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| cefotaxime + H2O | - |
Enterobacter cloacae | (2R)-5-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[(R)-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino](carboxy)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| cefoxitin + H2O | - |
Citrobacter freundii | (2R)-5-[(carbamoyloxy)methyl]-2-[(S)-carboxy(methoxy)[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| cefoxitin + H2O | - |
Citrobacter braakii | (2R)-5-[(carbamoyloxy)methyl]-2-[(S)-carboxy(methoxy)[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| cefoxitin + H2O | - |
Enterobacter cloacae | (2R)-5-[(carbamoyloxy)methyl]-2-[(S)-carboxy(methoxy)[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid | - |
? | |
| ceftaxidime + H2O | - |
Citrobacter freundii | (2R)-2-[(R)-([(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-([(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino)acetyl]amino)(carboxy)methyl]-5-[(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate | - |
? | |
| ceftaxidime + H2O | - |
Citrobacter braakii | (2R)-2-[(R)-([(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-([(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino)acetyl]amino)(carboxy)methyl]-5-[(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate | - |
? | |
| ceftaxidime + H2O | - |
Enterobacter cloacae | (2R)-2-[(R)-([(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-([(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino)acetyl]amino)(carboxy)methyl]-5-[(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate | - |
? | |
| additional information | substrate specificity in vivo, overview | Citrobacter braakii | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | substrate specificity in vivo, overview | Enterobacter cloacae | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Aztreonam and cefepime are poor substrates | Enterobacter cloacae | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Cefepime and cefotaxime are poor substrates | Citrobacter freundii | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Cefepime is a poor substrate | Citrobacter freundii | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Cefepime is a poor substrate | Citrobacter braakii | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Cefotaxime and cefepime are poor substrates | Citrobacter freundii | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Cefotaxime and cefepime are poor substrates | Enterobacter cloacae | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | substrate specificity in vivo, overview. Cefotaxime is a poor enzyme | Enterobacter cloacae | ? | - |
- |
|
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| AmpC | - |
Citrobacter freundii |
| AmpC | - |
Enterobacter cloacae |
| blaACT-12 | - |
Enterobacter cloacae |
| blaACT-14 | - |
Enterobacter cloacae |
| blaACT-15 | - |
Enterobacter cloacae |
| blaACT-17 | - |
Enterobacter cloacae |
| blaACT-18 | - |
Enterobacter cloacae |
| blaACT-19 | - |
Enterobacter cloacae |
| blaACT-22 | - |
Enterobacter cloacae |
| blaCMY-126 | - |
Citrobacter freundii |
| blaCMY-65 | - |
Citrobacter freundii |
| blaCMY-66 | - |
Citrobacter freundii |
| blaCMY-67 | - |
Citrobacter freundii |
| blaCMY-68 | - |
Citrobacter freundii |
| blaCMY-70 | - |
Citrobacter braakii |
| blaCMY-71 | - |
Citrobacter freundii |
| blaCMY-74 | - |
Citrobacter braakii |
| blaCMY-83 | - |
Citrobacter braakii |
| blaCMY-93 | - |
Citrobacter freundii |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | phenotype and genotype of the AmpC-positive strains. Beta-lactamases and other resistance mechanisms are characterized in Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from healthy human faecal samples, focusing on the ampC beta-lactamase genes. 50 human faecal samples are obtained, and 70 Enterobacteriaceae bacteria are isolated: 44 Escherichia coli, 4 Citrobacter braakii, 9 Citrobacter freundii, 8 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Proteus mirabilis, 1 Proteus vulgaris, 1 Klebsiella oxytoca, 1 Serratia sp. and 1 Cronobacter sp. A high percentage of resistance to ampicillin is detected (57 %), observing the AmpC phenotype in 22 isolates (31 %) and the extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype in 3 isolates. AmpC molecular characterization shows high diversity into blaCMY and blaACT genes from Citrobacter and Enterobacter species, respectively, with low clonality among them. Clonal relationships among Citrobacter spp. and among Enterobacter spp. isolates, molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis, overview | Citrobacter freundii |
| evolution | phenotype and genotype of the AmpC-positive strains. Beta-lactamases and other resistance mechanisms are characterized in Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from healthy human faecal samples, focusing on the ampC beta-lactamase genes. 50 human faecal samples are obtained, and 70 Enterobacteriaceae bacteria are isolated: 44 Escherichia coli, 4 Citrobacter braakii, 9 Citrobacter freundii, 8 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Proteus mirabilis, 1 Proteus vulgaris, 1 Klebsiella oxytoca, 1 Serratia sp. and 1 Cronobacter sp. A high percentage of resistance to ampicillin is detected (57 %), observing the AmpC phenotype in 22 isolates (31 %) and the extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype in 3 isolates. AmpC molecular characterization shows high diversity into blaCMY and blaACT genes from Citrobacter and Enterobacter species, respectively, with low clonality among them. Clonal relationships among Citrobacter spp. and among Enterobacter spp. isolates, molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis, overview | Citrobacter braakii |
| evolution | phenotype and genotype of the AmpC-positive strains. Beta-lactamases and other resistance mechanisms are characterized in Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from healthy human faecal samples, focusing on the ampC beta-lactamase genes. 50 human faecal samples are obtained, and 70 Enterobacteriaceae bacteria are isolated: 44 Escherichia coli, 4 Citrobacter braakii, 9 Citrobacter freundii, 8 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Proteus mirabilis, 1 Proteus vulgaris, 1 Klebsiella oxytoca, 1 Serratia sp. and 1 Cronobacter sp. A high percentage of resistance to ampicillin is detected (57 %), observing the AmpC phenotype in 22 isolates (31 %) and the extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype in 3 isolates. AmpC molecular characterization shows high diversity into blaCMY and blaACT genes from Citrobacter and Enterobacter species, respectively, with low clonality among them. Clonal relationships among Citrobacter spp. and among Enterobacter spp. isolates, molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis, overview | Enterobacter cloacae |
| additional information | mechanism of antibiotics resistance, overview | Citrobacter freundii |
| additional information | mechanism of antibiotics resistance, overview | Citrobacter braakii |
| additional information | mechanism of antibiotics resistance, overview | Enterobacter cloacae |
| physiological function | chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases are cephalosporinases, often inducible in the presence of certain beta-lactams such as cefoxitin or imipenem, but that confer a broad beta-lactam resistance profile when they are derepressed or hyperproduced or plasmid mediated. These AmpC enzymes, including plasmidmediated and derepressed or hyperproduced chromosomal AmpCs, suppose a huge repercussion in clinical treatments because they are active against all beta-lactams (including cephamycins), except fourth-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems | Citrobacter freundii |
| physiological function | chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases are cephalosporinases, often inducible in the presence of certain beta-lactams such as cefoxitin or imipenem, but that confer a broad beta-lactam resistance profile when they are derepressed or hyperproduced or plasmid mediated. These AmpC enzymes, including plasmidmediated and derepressed or hyperproduced chromosomal AmpCs, suppose a huge repercussion in clinical treatments because they are active against all beta-lactams (including cephamycins), except fourth-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems | Citrobacter braakii |
| physiological function | chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases are cephalosporinases, often inducible in the presence of certain beta-lactams such as cefoxitin or imipenem, but that confer a broad beta-lactam resistance profile when they are derepressed or hyperproduced or plasmid mediated. These AmpC enzymes, including plasmidmediated and derepressed or hyperproduced chromosomal AmpCs, suppose a huge repercussion in clinical treatments because they are active against all beta-lactams (including cephamycins), except fourth-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems | Enterobacter cloacae |
Use of this online version of BRENDA is free under the CC BY 4.0 license. See terms of use for full details.
Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
Legal
Curated at
Member of
