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Literature summary for 3.5.1.75 extracted from
- Purification and characterization of iron-containing urethanase from Bacillus licheniformis (1994), Biol. Pharm. Bull., 17, 773-778.
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| nutrition | great advantage for industrial removal of urethane, potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic to human, from alcoholic beverages | Bacillus licheniformis |
| nutrition | strain IFO 12107, enzyme may be a practical means of removing urethane from alcoholic beverages, because its higher activity under acidic conditions, pH 4.5, its high ethanol resistance and its low Km value for urethane | Bacillus licheniformis |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1,10-phenanthroline | strong inhibition | Bacillus licheniformis |  |
| bathophenanthroline | complete inhibition, activity fully restored by addition of Fe3+ at a ratio of 4 iron atoms to 1 mol inactive protein, the apoenzyme | Bacillus licheniformis | |
| EDTA | no inhibition | Bacillus licheniformis | |
| additional information | no inhibition by 1 mM EDTA or 1 mM EGTA | Bacillus licheniformis | |
| phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride | PMSF | Bacillus licheniformis | |
| phosphoramidon | - |
Bacillus licheniformis | |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
additional information | kinetic data | Bacillus licheniformis | |
| 0.17 | - |
urethane | strain IFO 12107 | Bacillus licheniformis | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fe3+ | strain IFO 12107, iron-containing urethanase, contains a typical high-spin Fe3+ | Bacillus licheniformis | |
| additional information | no effect, activation by 1 mM Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Ca2+ | Bacillus licheniformis |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42000 | - |
strain IFO 12107, homotetramer, 4 * 42000, SDS-PAGE | Bacillus licheniformis |
| 160000 | - |
strain IFO 12107, gel filtration | Bacillus licheniformis |
Organic Solvent Stability
| Organic Solvent | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| Ethanol | strain IFO 12107, considerably resistant to high concentrations of ethanol, 64% of the activity retained in 20% ethanol, great advantage for industrial removal of urethane from alcoholic beverages | Bacillus licheniformis |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus licheniformis | - |
eight strains, highest activity in strain IFO 12107 | - |
| Bacillus licheniformis | - |
gastrointestinal bacterium | - |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| strain IFO 12107 | Bacillus licheniformis |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
- |
Bacillus licheniformis |
| 0.041 | - |
strain IFO 12107 | Bacillus licheniformis |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetamide + H2O | 78% of the activity with ethylcarbamate | Bacillus licheniformis | ? | - |
? | |
| benzamide + H2O | 30% of the activity with ethylcarbamate | Bacillus licheniformis | ? | - |
? | |
| benzylcarbamate + H2O | 132% of the activity with ethylcarbamate | Bacillus licheniformis | CO2 + NH3 + benzoate | - |
? | |
| ethylcarbamate + H2O | urethane, potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic to human | Bacillus licheniformis | CO2 + NH3 + ethanol | noncarcinogenic compounds | ? | |
| methylcarbamate + H2O | 64% of the activity with ethylcarbamate | Bacillus licheniformis | CO2 + NH3 + methanol | - |
? | |
| additional information | substrate specificity | Bacillus licheniformis | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | hydrolyzes carbamoyl ester derivatives more rapidly than amide derivatives | Bacillus licheniformis | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | no activity with 4-nitrophenyl acetate | Bacillus licheniformis | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | no activity with urea, methylurea, ethylurea, n-butylurea, tert-butylurea, phenylurea | Bacillus licheniformis | ? | - |
? | |
| n-butylcarbamate + H2O | 192% of the activity with ethylcarbamate | Bacillus licheniformis | CO2 + NH3 + n-butanol | - |
? | |
| n-butyramide + H2O | 93% of the activity with ethylcarbamate | Bacillus licheniformis | ? | - |
? | |
| phenylcarbamate + H2O | 197% of the activity with ethylcarbamate | Bacillus licheniformis | CO2 + NH3 + phenol | - |
? | |
| tert-butylcarbamate + H2O | 118% of the activity with ethylcarbamate | Bacillus licheniformis | CO2 + NH3 + tert-butanol | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| tetramer | strain IFO 12107, homotetramer, 4 * 42000, SDS-PAGE | Bacillus licheniformis |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | - |
- |
Bacillus licheniformis |
Temperature Stability [°C]
| Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 55 | - |
strain IFO 12107, stable below | Bacillus licheniformis |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
pI: 5.5 | Bacillus licheniformis |
| additional information | - |
significantly higher urethanase activity at acidic condition than at neutral condition | Bacillus licheniformis |
| 4.5 | - |
- |
Bacillus licheniformis |
pH Stability
| pH Stability | pH Stability Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 8 | strain IFO 12107, stable between | Bacillus licheniformis |
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