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Literature summary for 3.4.24.21 extracted from
- Astacin (1995), Methods Enzymol., 248, 305-325.
Crystallization (Commentary)
| Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| Astacus astacus | Astacus astacus |
General Stability
| General Stability | Organism |
|---|---|
| Remarkably stable against proteolytic digestion and autolysis | Astacus astacus |
| Soluble at concentrations of at least up to 20 mg/ml | Astacus astacus |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1,10-phenanthroline | r; strong, kinetics | Astacus astacus |  |
| 1,7-phenanthroline | not reversible by addition of Zn2+ | Astacus astacus | |
| 2,2'-dipyridyl | r | Astacus astacus | |
| 4-Mercaptoaniline | weak | Astacus astacus | |
| 8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid | r | Astacus astacus | |
| 9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-Pro-Lys-Phe-PSI(PO2HCH2)-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| alpha2-Macroglobulin | bovine or Astacus astacus hemolymph, ir | Astacus astacus | |
| Carbobenzoxy-Phe-PSI(PO2H)-Ala-Pro-Phe-NH2 | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| cysteine | weak | Astacus astacus | |
| dipicolinic acid | r | Astacus astacus | |
| Ecballium elaterium Astacus protease inhibitor 1 | i.e. EEAPI1 | Astacus astacus | |
| Ecballium elaterium Astacus protease inhibitor 2 | i.e. EEAPI2 | Astacus astacus | |
| EDTA | r (upon dilution or addition of Zn2+) | Astacus astacus | |
| additional information | phosphoramidon or TIMP1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) | Astacus astacus | |
| Potato inhibitor d | i.e. PoI-d, astacin inhibitor from potato | Astacus astacus | |
| Tyrosin hydroxamate | most effective hydroxamate inhibitor | Astacus astacus | |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.015 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 0.017 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 0.23 | - |
Dansyl-His-His-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | dansyl-Gly-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly | Astacus astacus | |
| 0.25 | - |
Dansyl-Val-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | Astacus astacus | |
| 0.27 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Tyr-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 0.28 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Tyr-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 0.29 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Lys-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 0.33 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 0.37 | - |
Dansyl-Pro-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 0.39 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Arg-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Gly | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 0.4 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Asn-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | HPLC analysis | Astacus astacus | |
| 0.48 | - |
Dansyl-Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 0.52 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Asn-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | analyzed by tryptophan fluorescence changes between enzyme-substrate complex and enzyme plus product | Astacus astacus | |
| 0.53 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Pro-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 0.58 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Gly | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 0.67 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 0.867 | 0.87 | 2-Aminobenzoyl-Arg-Pro-Gly-Leu-Ser-Pro-(4-nitro)Phe-Arg | dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu | Astacus astacus | |
| 1 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Asn-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 2 | - |
Dansyl-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 5 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Gly-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 56 | - |
Dansyl-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu | - |
Astacus astacus | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| extracellular | - |
Astacus astacus | - |
- |
| soluble | - |
Astacus astacus | - |
- |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Co2+ | activation of apoenzyme, can replace Zn2+ as catalytic ion yielding 140% of the activity of the zinc-containing enzyme, pentavalent metal coordination | Astacus astacus | |
| Cu2+ | activation of apoenzyme, can replace Zn2+ as catalytic ion yielding 37% of the activity of the zinc-containing enzyme, pentavalent metal coordination | Astacus astacus | |
| additional information | no apoenzyme activation by Ni2+ or Hg2+ with their octahedral and tetrahedral coordination | Astacus astacus | |
| additional information | no other metal than Co2+, Zn2+ or Cu2+ detectable by atomic absorption spectroscopy | Astacus astacus | |
| Zn2+ | requirement | Astacus astacus | |
| Zn2+ | zinc metalloenzyme | Astacus astacus | |
| Zn2+ | zinc-binding consensus sequence | Astacus astacus | |
| Zn2+ | about 1 mol zinc per mol enzyme, atomic absorption spectroscopy | Astacus astacus | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
primary structure | Astacus astacus |
| 22610 | - |
Astacus astacus, deduced from amino acid sequence | Astacus astacus |
| 23000 | - |
1 * 23000, Astacus astacus, SDS-PAGE | Astacus astacus |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Astacus astacus | - |
i.e. Astacus fluviatilis | - |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| multiple immunologically identical forms | Astacus astacus |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| cardia | synthesized in (the fibrillar cells (F-cells) of) the hepatopancreas (midgut gland) and stored extracellularly in the cardia | Astacus astacus | - |
| digestive juice | 1 mg astacin/ml | Astacus astacus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Ala)n 4-nitroanilide + H2O | n: 1,2,3 | Astacus astacus | ? | - |
? | |
| 2-aminobenzoyl-Arg-Pro-Gly-Leu-Ser-Pro-(4-nitro)Phe-Arg + H2O | - |
Astacus astacus | 2-aminobenzoyl-Arg-Pro-Gly-Leu + Ser-Pro-(4-nitro)Phe-Arg | - |
? | |
| casein + H2O | heat-denatured form | Astacus astacus | hydrolyzed casein | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Ala-Ala-Arg + Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Arg + Ala-Pro-Leu | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Gly-Arg-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Gly + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Gly-Arg-Arg + Ala-Pro-Leu-Gly | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Gly-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Gly-Arg-Arg + Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Gly-Gly-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Gly-Gly-Arg + Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Arg + Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Arg + Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Asn-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Asn-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Asn + Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Tyr-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Tyr-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Tyr + Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Gly-Pro-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Gly-Pro-Arg + Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-His-His-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-His-His-Leu-Lys-Arg + Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Gly + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Leu-Arg-Arg + Ala-Pro-Leu-Gly | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Leu-Arg-Arg + Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg + Ala-Pro-Leu | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg + Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala, poor substrate | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg + Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg-Leu-Pro-Trp-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Leu, poor substrate | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg + Leu-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Asn-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Asn-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Asn + Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Lys-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Lys-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Lys + Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Tyr-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Tyr-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Tyr + Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Lys-Arg + Ala-Pro-Leu | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Pro-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Pro-Lys-Arg + Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
? | |
| Dansyl-Val-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val + H2O | cleavage site: Arg-Ala | Astacus astacus | Dansyl-Val-Lys-Arg + Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
? | |
| denatured chains of alpha-tubulin + H2O | tubulin chains are cleaved only in the denatured state | Astacus astacus | hydrolyzed alpha-tubulin chains | - |
? | |
| denatured chains of beta-tubulin + H2O | tubulin chains are cleaved only in the denatured state | Astacus astacus | hydrolyzed beta-tubulin chains | - |
? | |
| additional information | cleavage specificity, putative substrate binding region and mechanism | Astacus astacus | ? | - |
? | |
| Succinyl-(Ala)n 4-nitroanilide + H2O | n: 2,3,5 | Astacus astacus | ? | - |
? | |
| Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala 4-nitroanilide + H2O | - |
Astacus astacus | Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala + p-nitroaniline | - |
? | |
| Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Phe 4-nitroanilide + H2O | - |
Astacus astacus | ? | - |
? | |
| Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro 4-nitroanilide + H2O | - |
Astacus astacus | ? | - |
? | |
| Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Val 4-nitroanilide + H2O | - |
Astacus astacus | ? | - |
? | |
| Succinyl-Ala-Pro-Ala 4-nitroanilide + H2O | - |
Astacus astacus | ? | - |
? | |
| Succinyl-Pro-Ala-Ala 4-nitroanilide + H2O | - |
Astacus astacus | ? | - |
? | |
| Type I collagen + H2O | from calf skin | Astacus astacus | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| monomer | 1 * 23000, Astacus astacus, SDS-PAGE | Astacus astacus |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | - |
assay at | Astacus astacus |
Turnover Number [1/s]
| Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.035 | - |
Dansyl-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 0.7 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 2.2 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 2.3 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 2.7 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 20 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Gly-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 20 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Pro-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 34 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Arg-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Gly | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 39 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Asn-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | HPLC analysis | Astacus astacus | |
| 40 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Tyr-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 40 | - |
Dansyl-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 43 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 56 | - |
Dansyl-Gly-Lys-Asn-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | analyzed by tryptophan fluorescence changes between enzyme-substrate complex and enzyme plus product | Astacus astacus | |
| 67 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Tyr-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 120 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 130 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Gly | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 180 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Asn-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 190 | - |
Dansyl-Val-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 200 | - |
Dansyl-Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala-Pro-Leu-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 210 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 210 | - |
Dansyl-Leu-Lys-Lys-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 310 | - |
Dansyl-His-His-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
| 380 | - |
Dansyl-Pro-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val | - |
Astacus astacus | |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
pI: 3.5 (native astacin), pI: 4.8 (urea-denatured astacin) | Astacus astacus |
| 6 | - |
Ala-Ala-Ala 4-nitroanilide | Astacus astacus |
| 8 | - |
succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala 4-nitroanilide | Astacus astacus |
pH Stability
| pH Stability | pH Stability Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | - |
below, precipitation | Astacus astacus |
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