Any feedback?
Please rate this page
(literature.php)
(0/150)

BRENDA support

Literature summary for 3.4.22.2 extracted from

  • Xue, Y.; Nie, H.; Zhu, L.; Li, S.; Zhang, H.
    Immobilization of Modified Papain with Anhydride Groups on Activated Cotton Fabric (2009), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 160, 109-121.
    View publication on PubMed

Application

Application Comment Organism
biotechnology the enzyme plays a key role in biotechnology and has a range of important applications in cell isolation, leather, cosmetic, textiles, detergents, food, and pharmaceutical industries Carica papaya
industry the cotton fabric immobilized modified papain has potential applicationsin the functional textiles field Carica papaya
synthesis chemical modification of papain using different anhydrides of 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic and pyromellitic acids and immobilization on cotton fabric results in immobilized papain with optimum pH shifted from 6.0 to 9.0. Compared with immobilized native papain, the thermal stability and the resistance to alkali and washing detergent of immobilized modified enzyme are improved considerably. When the concentration of detergent is 20 mg/ml, the activity of the immobilized pyromellitic papain retains about 40% of its original activity, whereas the native papain is almost inhibited Carica papaya

General Stability

General Stability Organism
Immobilization of papain after chemical modification increases its stability and reusability in alkaline conditions. After adding of detergent powder in distilled water (final concentration of 5-25 mg/ml) to the proteolytic activity test at 45°C, papains modified by 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride and pyromellitic anhydride are more stable. The immobilized papain modified by pyromellitic anhydride still retains about 40% of its activity in the thickest detergent. For the immobilized unmodified papain, the strong surfactant at 15 and 20 mg/ml causes a significant inhibition of 71% and 86%. At lower concentrations (0-10 mg/ml) of the immobilized papain modified by pyromellitic anhydride applied, there is a very slight decrease in the activity. Carica papaya

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
530.7
-
casein cotton-immobilized papain modified by pyromellitic anhydride, pH 8.0, 45°C Carica papaya
700.5
-
casein cotton-immobilized papain modified by 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride, pH 8.0, 45°C Carica papaya
812.1
-
casein cotton-immobilized unmodified papain, pH 8.0, 45°C Carica papaya

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
casein + H2O Carica papaya
-
?
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Carica papaya
-
-
-
Carica papaya P00784
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
commercial preparation
-
Carica papaya
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
additional information
-
1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic papain has 97.73% relative activity compared to the unmodified enzyme Carica papaya
additional information
-
pyromellitic papain has 95.88% relative activity compared to the unmodified enzyme Carica papaya

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
casein + H2O
-
Carica papaya ?
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
papain
-
Carica papaya

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
80
-
the activity of immobilized pyromellitic papain has a vital peak at 80°C, which may be attributed largely to the particular enzyme structure Carica papaya
80
-
the enzyme activity of cotton-immobilized native and papain modified by 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride and pyromellitic anhydride increased gradually with temperature, and the maximum activity is obtained at 80°C Carica papaya

Temperature Range [°C]

Temperature Minimum [°C] Temperature Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
60 80 the activity of immobilized unmodified papain and immobilized benzenetricarboxylic papain are increased stably over a period of 60 to 80°C without significant change Carica papaya

Temperature Stability [°C]

Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
80
-
15% activity of immobilized pyromellitic papain after 4 h at pH 8.0 Carica papaya
80
-
total activity losses for the cotton-immobilized unmodified papain and immobilized benzenetricarboxylic papain after 4 at pH 8.0 Carica papaya

Turnover Number [1/s]

Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.386
-
casein cotton-immobilized papain modified by pyromellitic anhydride, pH 8.0, 45°C Carica papaya
1.604
-
casein cotton-immobilized papain modified by 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride, pH 8.0, 45°C Carica papaya
1.79
-
casein cotton-immobilized unmodified papain, pH 8.0, 45°C Carica papaya

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
6
-
maximum activity of native papain activity Carica papaya
6
-
enzyme immobilized on cotton fabric Carica papaya
9
-
enzyme modified by 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride or pyromellitic anhydride Carica papaya
9
-
1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic-modified and pyromellitic acid-modified enzyme immobilized on cotton fabric Carica papaya

pH Stability

pH Stability pH Stability Maximum Comment Organism
6 11 the native enzyme rapidly decreases to the relative activity of 70% Carica papaya
7 10 the native papain displaying over 80% of its activity Carica papaya
7 10 the papain modified by by 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride and pyromellitic anhydride displaying over 80% of its activity Carica papaya