Literature summary for 3.4.21.68 extracted from

Heid, S.; Unterweger, H.; Tietze, R.; Friedrich, R.; Weigel, B.; Cicha, I.; Eberbeck, D.; Boccaccini, A.; Alexiou, C.; Lyer, S.
Synthesis and characterization of tissue plasminogen activator - functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted fibrin clot dissolution (2017), Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18, E1837 .

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Application

Application	Comment	Organism
medicine	intensive care medication of ischemic stroke, thrombus targeting nanosystems could serve as carriers for enhanced delivery of enzyme tPA to the thrombi in order to increase its effective local concentrations. Biocompatible magnetite drug carriers, stabilized by a dextran shell, are developed to carry tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for targeted thrombolysis under an external magnetic field, method evaluation, overview. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have attracted great attention in many biomedical fields and are used in preclinical/experimental drug delivery, hyperthermia and medical imaging. All synthesized types of nanoparticles are well tolerated in cell culture experiments with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating their potential utility for future therapeutic applications in thromboembolic diseases	Homo sapiens

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	construction of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONDex-COOH-tPA) which can target blood clots via magnetic guidance and induce local fibrinolysis, overview. tPA is bound to the particles via adsorption or covalent binding due to a 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester. The hydrodynamic size of carboxymethylated SPIONs depends on covalently bound or adsorbed tPA. In case of covalent immobilization, the supernatants exhibit only minimal activity below 10%, while the supernatant of the adsorptive approach shows an activity of approx. 15% for all tPA concentrations. Analysis of biocompatibility of the particles	Homo sapiens

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Homo sapiens	P00750	-	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
umbilical vein endothelial cell	HUVEC	Homo sapiens	-

Storage Stability

Storage Stability	Organism
4°C, for 5 weeks, after this storage, the lysis of fibrin networks shows only a slight decrease in the tPA activity at lowest tPA concentrations, in both the covalent and adsorptive approach. Covalently bound tPA still posses 69% of the original activity and adsorptively bound tPA has 73% activity retention. Increased protein load on the particles leads to a greater loss of activity upon storage	Homo sapiens

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
additional information	measurement of the remaining activity of immobilized enzyme tPA by two different assays: the S-2288TM assay, which measures the amidolytic activity towards chromogenic substrate, and the fibrinolytic activity assay in fibrin-containing agarose gels	Homo sapiens	?	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
Tissue plasminogen activator	-	Homo sapiens
tPA	-	Homo sapiens

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)