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Literature summary for 3.4.21.53 extracted from
- Biological roles of the Lon ATP-dependent protease (2006), Res. Microbiol., 157, 701-713.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ethanol | - |
Bacillus subtilis |  |
| H2O2 | - |
Bacillus subtilis | |
| additional information | lon gene is heat shock-induced | Escherichia coli | |
| additional information | lon gene is heat shock-induced | Streptomyces lividans | |
| additional information | lon gene is not heat shock-induced | Brevibacillus brevis | |
| additional information | lon gene is not heat shock-induced | Myxococcus xanthus | |
| additional information | lonA gene is induced by heat and salt, lonB is not stress-induced | Bacillus subtilis | |
| Polyphosphate | stimulates lon proteolytic activity, affects substrate preference and oligomeric state of the enzyme | Escherichia coli | |
| puromycin | - |
Bacillus subtilis | |
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| medicine | lon downregulates virulence, is involved in transcriptional regulation of type three secretion systems to translocate virulence proteins | Pseudomonas syringae |
| medicine | lon downregulates virulence, is involved in transcriptional regulation of type three secretion systems to translocate virulence proteins. Oppositely modulates infection stages (epithelial invasion and survival within murine macrophages) | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium |
| medicine | lon upregulates virulence, is involved in transcriptional regulation of type three secretion systems to translocate virulence proteins | Yersinia pestis |
| additional information | lon is involved in the control of swarmer cell differentiation | Proteus mirabilis |
| additional information | lon is required for cell cycle-dependent regulation of methylation, correct completion of cell division and normal progression of the cell cycle | Caulobacter vibrioides |
| additional information | lon plays a role in protein quality control by destroying unfolded proteins, it participates in regulatory circuits by controlling amount and availability of specific substrates | Escherichia coli |
| additional information | lonA plays a major role in initiating sporulation in response to environmental conditions, lonB is forespore-specific and may have a limited role in the regulation of sporulation | Bacillus subtilis |
| additional information | lonV gene is essential for viability, lonD gene is essential for spore and fruiting body formation | Myxococcus xanthus |
Crystallization (Commentary)
| Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| carboxy-terminal domain crystallized | Escherichia coli |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | attempts to construct a lonV mutant fail, lonD mutants are unable to sporulate | Myxococcus xanthus |
| additional information | lon mutants, accumulate abnormal proteins | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium |
| additional information | lon mutants, accumulate abnormal proteins, form mucoid colonies and long filaments, fail to adapt rapidly to a nutrional downshift, are sensitive to UV at 30°C because of SulA accumulation, at higher temperatures they lose their sensitivity because ClpYQ takes over SulA degredation | Escherichia coli |
| additional information | lon mutants, are unable to survive and proliferate murine macrophages, are extremely susceptible to hydrogen peroxide | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium |
| additional information | lon mutants, constitutively express the hrp regulon, hypersecrete effector proteins | Pseudomonas syringae |
| additional information | lon mutants, show defects in cell division, are unable to control initiation of DNA replication | Caulobacter vibrioides |
| additional information | lonB disruption does not affect sporulation | Bacillus subtilis |
| additional information | lonS mutants, constitutively differentiated in the swarmer mode | Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| additional information | Pim1 mutants, are respiratory-deficient and unable to grow on non-fermentable carbon sources | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| additional information | total loss of lon activity leads to apoptosis | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | inhibition of activity by the T4-encoded PinA protein, non-competetive inhibitor | Escherichia coli |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mitochondrion | - |
Homo sapiens | 5739 | - |
| mitochondrion | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 5739 | - |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus subtilis | - |
- |
- |
| Brevibacillus brevis | - |
- |
- |
| Caulobacter vibrioides | - |
- |
- |
| Escherichia coli | - |
- |
- |
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| Myxococcus xanthus | - |
- |
- |
| no activity in Lactobacillus sp. | - |
- |
- |
| no activity in Mycobacterium leprae | - |
- |
- |
| no activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | - |
- |
- |
| no activity in Streptococcus sp. | - |
- |
- |
| Proteus mirabilis | - |
- |
- |
| Pseudomonas syringae | - |
- |
- |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | - |
- |
- |
| Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | - |
- |
- |
| Streptomyces lividans | - |
- |
- |
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus | - |
- |
- |
| Yersinia pestis | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| spore | - |
Myxococcus xanthus | - |
| spore | lonA is involved in the control of sporulation initiation, lonB is only present in the forespore | Bacillus subtilis | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CcdA + H2O | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| CcrM + H2O | - |
Caulobacter vibrioides | ? | - |
? | |
| FlhC + H2O | - |
Proteus mirabilis | ? | - |
? | |
| FlhD + H2O | - |
Proteus mirabilis | ? | - |
? | |
| heat shock sigma factor 32 + H2O | degraded by synergistic action of lon, Clp and HflB | Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| HemA + H2O | conditional proteolysis mediated by lon and ClpAP | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | ? | - |
? | |
| HilC + H2O | - |
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | ? | - |
? | |
| HilD + H2O | - |
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | ? | - |
? | |
| homoserine trans-succinylase + H2O | degraded by synergistic action of lon, ClpYQ, ClpXP and/or ClpAP | Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| HrpR + H2O | - |
Pseudomonas syringae | ? | - |
? | |
| MarA + H2O | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| MazE antitoxin + H2O | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| PasA + H2O | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| PemI + H2O | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| RelB antitoxin + H2O | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| ribosomal L13 protein + H2O | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| ribosomal L9 protein + H2O | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| ribosomal S2 protein + H2O | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| sigma factor G + H2O | lonA | Bacillus subtilis | ? | - |
? | |
| sigma factor H + H2O | lonA | Bacillus subtilis | ? | - |
? | |
| SMC protein + H2O | lonA | Bacillus subtilis | ? | - |
? | |
| SoxS + H2O | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| StpA + H2O | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| SulA + H2O | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| hexamer | crystallography | Escherichia coli |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| lon | - |
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium |
| lon | - |
Brevibacillus brevis |
| lon | - |
Escherichia coli |
| lon | - |
Homo sapiens |
| lon | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| lon | - |
Proteus mirabilis |
| lon | - |
Yersinia pestis |
| lon | - |
Pseudomonas syringae |
| lon | - |
Caulobacter vibrioides |
| lon | - |
Streptomyces lividans |
| lon ATP-dependent protease | - |
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium |
| lon ATP-dependent protease | - |
Brevibacillus brevis |
| lon ATP-dependent protease | - |
Bacillus subtilis |
| lon ATP-dependent protease | - |
Escherichia coli |
| lon ATP-dependent protease | - |
Homo sapiens |
| lon ATP-dependent protease | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| lon ATP-dependent protease | - |
Proteus mirabilis |
| lon ATP-dependent protease | - |
Myxococcus xanthus |
| lon ATP-dependent protease | - |
Yersinia pestis |
| lon ATP-dependent protease | - |
Pseudomonas syringae |
| lon ATP-dependent protease | - |
Caulobacter vibrioides |
| lon ATP-dependent protease | - |
Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| lon ATP-dependent protease | - |
Streptomyces lividans |
| lonA | - |
Bacillus subtilis |
| lonB | - |
Bacillus subtilis |
| lonD | - |
Myxococcus xanthus |
| lonS | - |
Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| lonV | - |
Myxococcus xanthus |
| PIM1 | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
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